Task 6- Developmental psychology Flashcards
(24 cards)
how are mental processes influenced throughout human development?
some are innate, some are influenced by the environment
these changes can be seen as both…
positive and negative
how do psychologists study development?
by comparing ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ development (can help find treatments and diagnosis)
what were Robinson’s three ways in which adults maintain relationships?
forms of address, shaking hands and politeness
how does hearing loss affect communication?
hearing loss at birth can be disruptive for language development. It can be associated with other disabilities that may affect communication skills and language
what are the types of hearing impairment?
conductive- a treatable form- usually from infection
sensorineural- damage to the nerves
what are some strategies for hearing impairment?
hearing aids, cochlear implants, lip-reading, Auslan (sign language)
what can prevent effective communication?
speaking too fast, speaking too soft, using the same tone, long sentences, including unnecessary detail
what are the 4 levels of communication?
facts, knowledge and information
thoughts and beliefs
feelings and emotions
formal and polite
what are some examples of non-verbal communication?
body language, gestures, physical distance, facial expressions, touch and smell
what are some examples of effective communication?
listener/receiver attributes, active listening, working collaboratively, assertive communication
what are barriers within effective communication?
being distracted and half-listening, topping the speaker with a better story and being judgemental
what 3 steps does assertive communication require?
- saying something that shows you are trying to understand the other person’s position
- stating the problem and what you would like to change
- making a specific statement about what you want to change
what are some causes of delayed communication?
hearing impairment, autism, intellectual disability and several psychosocial issues
what are some effects of delayed communication?
struggle with engaging in simple conversation, inability to form coherent sentences, difficulty following directions, poor pronunciation or articulation, difficulty putting words in a sentence or leaving some out
what is developmental psychology?
developmental psychology (related to human development) is concerned with changes in people that occur throughout their lifespan. It is a scientific approach that aims to explain growth, change and consistency
what is Piaget’s theory?
his theory was that children were like ‘little scientists’ who tried to make sense of the world that surrounds them rather than simply absorbing information passively
what were Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?
- sensorimotor
- pre-operational
- concrete operational
- formal operational
what were Durkins 4 types of physical distancing?
- the intimate zone (close relationships ie family, friends)
- the personal zone (people who are friends)
- the social distance zone (functional relationships- teacher + student)
- the public distance zone (strangers in public places)
what were Piaget’s schemas?
- assimilation: when schema takes in a new experience and builds on current knowledge
- accommodation: when schemas change to incorporate new information
what are schema’s?
a mental structure or concept that helps people organise and interpret information
what is nature vs nurture in terms of development
it is the extent to which our development is affected by what we inherit vs environmental influences (genetic component is fixed). Both concepts play a part in human development
what were some weaknesses on Piaget’s theory
- not universally recognised by other theorists
- can vary (not a definitive theory)
what were some strengths on Piaget’s theory
- definitive stages (clear setup)
- very specific behaviours (easy to follow)
