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BCBA > Task List B > Flashcards

Task List B Flashcards

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1
Q

response class

A

a group of responses with the same outcome

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2
Q

unconditioned response

A

reinforcement by a stimulus that does not need to be taught

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3
Q

conditioned reinforcer

A

a conditional reinforcer that has been paired with many UCR and CR and does not need a MO for effectiveness

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4
Q

generalized conditioned reinforcer

A

a conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many UCR and CR and does not depend on a MO for effectiveness

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5
Q

stimulus class

A

a set of stimuli sharing common elements example: a palm tree, apple tree are all in the same category of trees

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6
Q

feature stimulus class

A

same response, share common physical properties example- things with tails

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7
Q

arbitrary stimulus class

A

same category different physical properties example: sources of protein

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8
Q

formal stimulus class

A

describes stimulus by their physical dimension, like size and shape

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9
Q

functional stimulus class

A

its effect on behavior example: cutting onions, sad movie

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10
Q

temporal stimulus class

A

when the stimulus occurs with respect to the behavior example: my phone ringing is an antecedent stimulus

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11
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A

a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response

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12
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

a formal neutral stimulus that evokes a response after it is paired with an unconditioned and conditioned stimulus

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13
Q

respondent conditioning

A

a neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with and unconditioned stimulus (US) until the NS becomes a conditioned stimulus

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14
Q

operant conditioning

A

learning occurs by the consequence that follows the response example: training to sit when you say the word sit

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15
Q

respondent extinction

A

repeated presentations of CS weakens the elicited response (UR)

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16
Q

operant extinction

A

a process used to decrease or eliminate a behavior by withholding reinforcement in the presence of the behavior

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17
Q

discriminated avoidance

A

a conditioning procedure that involves avoiding an unpleasant stimulus when a warning signal is present

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18
Q

free operant avoidance

A

when the contingency for behavior prevents the onset of an aversive stimulus

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19
Q

variable ratio

A

a reinforcement schedule where a reward is given after an unpredictable number of response

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20
Q

variable interval

A

provides reinforcement after random time intervals

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21
Q

fixed ratio

A

a schedule of reinforcement where reward is given after a set number of responses

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22
Q

fixed interval

A

a schedule of reinforcement that rewards a response after a set amount has passed

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23
Q

differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior (DRH)

A

useful in increasing the rate of desired behavior that are in the learners repertoire but occur infrequently example: making bed

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24
Q

differential reinforcement of lower rates (DRL)

A

reinforces behavior you want to reduce but not eliminate example saying “hi”

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25
differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)
reduce problematic behavior by reinforcing appropriate behavior
26
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
the replacement behavior is incompatible with the problem behavior
27
differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
reinforce the absence of target behavior
28
bonus response cost
the individual is given access to non-contigent reinforcement that are removed in a specified time when targe behavior occurs
29
non- contingent reinforcement (NCR)
provides reinforcement on a specified schedule and is independent of target behavior
30
response topography
the physical form or shape of the behavior
31
respondent behavior
behavior that is unlearned
32
overt behavior
observable to the naked eye
33
covert behavior
private events like thoughts, emotions or feelings
34
operant behavior
behavior that is learned example: answering the phone
35
response
a specific instance of a behavior
36
non- exclusionary time-out
the individual is not removed from the area
37
exclusionary time out
the individual is removed from the area
38
extinction
reinforcement is withheld for a previously reinforced behavior
39
replacement behavior
replacement is identified for a maladaptive behavior
40
FCT
uses DRA to teach individuals to communicate using vocal, PECs,sign gesture
41
punishment procedures
only use when all other procedures have been ruled out
42
automatic reinforcement
reinforcement is produced by the behavior that is exhibited
43
socially mediated contigencies
reinforcement is delivered by another person
44
unconditioned reinforcer
A reinforcer for which the value is not taught
45
conditioned reinforcer
a reinforcer that becomes reinforcing based on a learning history
46
generalized reinforcer
a conditioned reinforcer that reinforcers many behaviors
47
unconditioned punisher
a punishment that works without been taught example : starvation
48
conditioned reinforcer
a previously neutral stimulus that acts as a punisher after being paired with one or more punishers example getting an "F" on a math exam
49
generalized punisher
a conditioned punisher that punishes many behaviors example : the word "no"
50
token economy
allows individual to gain access to generalized conditioned reinforcements as immediate reinforcement . The tokens can be exchanged for back up reinforcement
51
conditioned reinforcers
are reinforcers for which the individual has a learning history. To establish a conditioned reinforcer, the item must be paired with another reinforcer. After pairing, the new reinforcer has the same value of the original reinforcer
52
Stimulus prompts
are antecedent stimuli that is used to help individual complete the task. The prompts cue the individual as to how to complete the task.
53
response prompts
are provided to the individual when they are attempting to complete a task. The response prompts help “shape” the person’s response.
54
operant extinction
withholding reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior and leads to a decrease in the frequency of the behavior Your client loves to press all the buttons on the toy because it makes noise. You take the batteries so you don’t have to listen to it You love your phone even though it is not the “latest”. The company no longer makes apps or updates for your phone. You are not happy that your roommate screams across the house when she wants your attention. You used to answer her, but now you are not answering her until she comes to where are you.
55
stimulus control
responding only occurs or occurs at a high rate when a particular stimulus is present You stop when you see a red light You are working on greetings with your client by using written prompts. In the morning, you and your client always walk through the office. As your client approaches teachers in the office, you provide the written prompts, and your client says good morning. Your son is cursing in his room with his friends. You walk into the room as they are talking, and the cursing stops
56
discrimination
a response that occurs more frequently in the presence of one stimulus than in the presence of another stimulus Your son calls you “daddy” when they see you but not when they see other men You are using flashcards to study for your exam. When you look at the word “s-delta” you provide the definition of the word. You give your child a map of the US and ask her to label each state. She writes the name of each state on the map
57
generalization
occurs when an individual applies what is learned in one situation to a new situation with different people and settings
58
stimulus generalization
when more than one stimulus evokes the same response You are shopping for a new car. You walk around the dealership and see a Mini Cooper. You tell your friend, “I like that car.” You keep walking, and you see a Mustang. You tell your friend again, “I like that car.” Your computer mouse died. You go to the store to get a new one. You see about 15 different kinds and think to yourself, “I don’t know which mouse I want.”
59
response generalization
an individual uses an untrained response that is functionally equivalent to the learned behavior
60
maintenance
the extent that a learner continues to perform a behavior after the intervention is removed
61
discriminative stimulus
reinforcement is available
62
stimulus delta
is a stimulus for which a particular response will not be reinforced
63
discriminative stimulus and MO together
a discriminative stimulus signals the availability of a reinforcer
64
masking
when a competing stimulus blocks the evocative function of a stimulus that has acquired stimulus control.
65
overshadowing
a behavior is not learned because it is “overshadowed” by another stimulus.
66
Surrogate MO
a stimulus that becomes effective when it is paired with another MO. The surrogate MO has the same value- and behavior-altering effects as the original MO.
67
reflexive MO
a stimulus that becomes effective as a MO when it comes before an event that either becomes worse or is getting better. Because the stimulus comes before an aversive event, an individual would be reinforced by escaping or avoiding the event.
68
transitive MO
a stimulus that can increase or decrease the value of a reinforcer - you cannot have access to the stimulus you want until you solve the problem
69
ruled governed behavior
a behavior that is controlled by a verbal statement example using the “Enter” door to go into a store and the “Exit’ door when going out of the store
70
contingency shaped behavior
behavior that is acquired from direct exposures to the contingencies
71
verbal behavior
a behavior that: * is reinforced through the meditation of another person's behavior * is mediated by others * is based on the function of the response and not the topography * includes more than just spoken words
72
verbal operants
the response to the MO or Sd * controlled by the MO or Sd and produces reinforcement in the form of the item asked for or a generalized conditioned reinforcer
73
superstitious mand
a mand in which the reinforcement occurs accidentally and does not occur due to reinforcement in similar circumstances
74
magical mand
a mand in which the reinforcement has never occurred and may be maintained by an emotional state
75
Solistic Extension:
poor use of language: slang, improper
76
Metaphorical Extension
the novel stimulus shares some but not all the features of the original stimulus
77
Metonymical Extension
verbal response to a novel stimulus that does not share features of the original stimulus
78
Generic Extension
think stimulus generalization
79
Derived stimulus relations
the relationship that is formed between two stimuli with no prior learning
80
reflexivity
the relationship that is formed between two stimuli with no prior learning (match to sample)
81
symmetry
when an individual is taught that A=B and then demonstrates the understanding that B=A with no training
82
transivity
when an individual is taught that A=B and C=C and then demonstrated the understanding that A=C
83
reflexivity
the relationship that is formed between two stimuli with no prior learning (match to sample)
84
symmetry
When an individual is taught that A=B and then demonstrates the understanding that B=A with no training. The stimulus control of both stimuli is symmetrical

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