Task list C

Question 1

Operational definition of behavior

Answer 1

What the behavior consists of.
Everything observed and measured is what can be seen.

Question 2

Topography

Answer 2

The physical form or shape of a behavior

Question 3

Partial interval recording

Answer 3

A time sampling method for measuring behavior in which the observation period is divided into a series of brief intervals

Question 4

Whole interval recording

Answer 4

A measurement method in which the presence or absence of a behavior is recorded at precisely specified time periods

Question 5

DRO
(Differential reinforcement of other behavior)

Answer 5

A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times

Question 6

DRA
(differential reinforcement of alternative behavior)

Answer 6

A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative for the behavior targeted for reduction

Question 7

DRI
(differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors)

Answer 7

A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is topographically incompatible with the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the problem behavior

Question 8

DRD

Answer 8

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually decreasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals

Question 9

DRH
(differential reinforcement of high rate of behavior)

Answer 9

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual’s performance in previous intervals

Question 10

DRL
(differential reinforcement of low rates of behavior)

Answer 10

A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time (IRT), or (b) is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion

Question 11

Magnitude
AKA: strength; force; intensity; severity

Answer 11

The force or intensity with which a response is emitted; provides important quantitative parameters used in defining and verifying the occurrence of some response classes

Question 12

Description

Answer 12

1st level of understanding
facts from systematically observed events:
can be quantified & classified to test for relationships
help identify a hypothesis

Question 13

Prediction
AKA: Correlation

Answer 13

2nd level of understanding
when repeated observations shows that there is a consistant relationship b/w two events

Question 14

Control
AKA: Causation

Answer 14

3rd level of understanding
functional relation is established
experimental demonstration that manipulates one event (IV) results in the change of another event (DV)

Question 15

Determinism

Answer 15

the world is an orderly, predictable, & lawful place
everything is cause & effect
everything happens b/c of other events

Question 16

Empiricism

Answer 16

the act of objective observation & measurement
data-based approach
objective observation & detailed description of events

Question 17

Parsimony

Answer 17

Reliance on simplest theory requiring the fewest assumptions
you must rule out the simple explanation first

Question 18

Pragmatism

Answer 18

truth found out through verification
goes w/ behaviorism

Question 19

Selectionism

Answer 19

Selection by consequences
anything that evolves does so b/c consequences of behavior
ones with positive consequences survive
evolution due to functional selection

Question 20

Experimentation

Answer 20

controlled comparison of the DV under two or more conditions (IVs)
requires manipulating variables
assessment to see if one event caused another
Functional Analysis

Question 21

Replication

Answer 21

Repeating Experiments
Must have replication to determine reliability & usefulness of their findings

Question 22

Philosophical Doubt

Answer 22

Question the truth
Have healthy skepticism

Question 23

Behaviorism
AKA: conceptual analysis of behavior

Answer 23

examine the philosophical, theoretical, historical, & methodological issues w/in the science of behavior
today’s behaviorism = Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism

Question 24

Experimental Analysis of Behavior
(EAB)

Answer 24

research on basic processes & principals & conducted mainly in labs
controlled settings
human & nonhuman subjects

Question 25

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Answer 25

analysts access, monitor, analyze, revise, & communicate the effects of their work create behavior change tactics that can increase bx, teach, & maintain behavior, reduce challenging bx creates technology for improving bx

Question 26

Professional Practice *****

Answer 26

implementing ABA procedures w/in their professions

Question 27

Darwinian Selectionism AKA: selection by consequence

Answer 27

three term contingency evolution as a result of selection w/ respect to function

Question 28

Ontogeny

Answer 28

selection by consequences operates during the lifetime of the individual result in the best outcomes are selected & survive more adaptive repertoires

Question 29

Phylogeny

Answer 29

Natural selection in the evolutionary history of a species

Question 30

Behavioral

Answer 30

target behavior that needs improving must be measurable ask whose behavior has changed

Question 31

Applied

Answer 31

improve individuals' everyday lives improves socially significant behavior helps significant others

Question 32

Technological

Answer 32

Direct and precisely replicable procedures everything is defined clearly & in detail so they're replicable

Question 33

Conceptually Systematic

Answer 33

All ABA procedures used should be derived from the basic principles of behavior analysis

Question 34

Analytic

Answer 34

Functional relationship is shown Manipulated events produce reliable change in any measurable dimension of the bx experimenter can control the occurrence & nonoccurrence of the bx

Question 35

Generality

Answer 35

any behavior that persists across time, settings, behaviors, and other people

Question 36

Effective

Answer 36

Practical improvement there should be a change on socially significant behavior

Question 37

Occurrence AKA: repeatability and percentage measures

Answer 37

Percentage Frequency Rate

Question 38

Repeatability measures AKA: countability; occurrence; Event Recording Acronym: CRC

Answer 38

Behavior is counted, # of times a behavior occurs 1. Count 2. Rate 3. Celeration

Question 39

Count AKA: frequency

Answer 39

The number of occurrences

Question 40

Rate

Answer 40

The # of occurrences in a given period of time Formula = count/time only use for free operants (i.e. behaviors that have a discrete beginning and end and are free to occur at any time)

Question 41

Celeration hint: CelebRATE good TIMES!

Answer 41

changes in rate overtime formula: count per unit of time/time or rate/time Use: examine how rates of response change over time; measuring fluency

Question 42

Derivative measures 2 types

Answer 42

A derivative measure of occurrence, derived from the dimensional qualities 1. percentage 2. Trials to criterion

Question 43

Percentage

Answer 43

Considered an occurrence measurement proportion or ratio formed by combining the same dimensional quantities (e.g. count divided by count)

Question 44

Trials to Criterion

Answer 44

Occurrence measurement A measure of the # of response opportunities required to achieve a pre-specified level of performance criteria May be measured as count, rate, duration, and latency

Question 45

Temporal dimensions of behavior (e.g. duration, latency, inter response time)

Answer 45

Measures behavior using timing 1. Temporal extent: Duration 2.Temporal Locus Latency IRT

Question 46

Duration AKA: Temporal extent

Answer 46

Length of time the behavior occurs from onset to offset

Question 47

Latency AKA: response latency

Answer 47

Duration of time between the onset of a stimulus and initiation of a behavior

Question 48

Definitional measures (2)

Answer 48

Topography Magnitude

Question 49

Interresponse Time (IRT)

Answer 49

Duration of time that elapses between 2 consecutive instances of behavior