taste Flashcards
(29 cards)
What do senses respond to?
Biologically relevant stimuli
Senses are specialized and evolved to provide useful information
Where are taste buds grouped on the tongue?
In papillae
The number of fungiform papillae influences sensitivity to all tastes
How many receptor cells are in one taste bud?
Around 50 receptor cells
What do taste bud receptor cells release to excite nearby neurons?
Neurotransmitters
What are the four basic types of taste?
- Sweet
- Salty
- Sour
- Bitter
Recent discoveries found glutamate taste receptors, expanding the understanding of taste
Which brain region is associated with taste?
Insula
What sensory system evolved more often than visual and auditory systems?
Chemical sensory systems
What detects smell?
Olfactory receptor cells in the nasal cavity
What processes olfactory information?
Olfactory bulb
What is vomeronasal sensation responsible for detecting?
Odourless chemicals that affect behaviour
What is the structure of the cochlea shaped like?
Snail
What do sound waves consist of?
Periodic compressions that cause vibrations
How is frequency related to sound?
Refers to the number of compressions per time and relates to perceived pitch
What does amplitude relate to in sound waves?
Loudness
What is the primary auditory cortex responsible for?
Processing sound information
What type of deafness is caused by damage to the bones of the middle ear?
Conductive deafness
What causes nerve deafness?
Damage in the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve
What are the three ways we locate sounds?
- Time of arrival
- Intensity
- Phase difference in sound waves
What does the vestibular organ detect?
Position and movement of the head
How many semicircular canals are involved in the vestibular sensation?
Three
What are Huntington’s disease and Parkinson’s disease classified as?
Neurodegenerative diseases
What is a motor disorder symptom of Huntington’s disease?
Arm jerks, facial twitches, severe body movements
What part of the brain is first affected by Huntington’s disease?
Basal ganglia
What is a cognitive disorder symptom of Parkinson’s disease?
Imagining movement and events
