Taste

Question 1

t/f taste loss due to aging is bc of taste bud loss

Answer 1

faaaalse. changes in bud cell membranes

Question 2

PMH that can increase taste sensitivity (2)

Answer 2

hypothyroidism, adrenal cortical insufficiency

Question 3

diagnostic exams

specific causes of dysphagia. cheap and quick. but can’t detect mechanics of swallowing.

Answer 3

plain films

Question 4

diagnostic exams

display both upper and lower jaws and all dentition. useful in mandibular fractures and tumors.

Answer 4

panorex

Question 5

diagnostic exams

not as popular. duct obstruction. or extravasation in trauma. dye injected into ducts of parotid or submandibular glands

Answer 5

sialogram

Question 6

diagnostic exams

can evaluate all phases of swallowing. good anatomic detail. can be reviewed later.

Answer 6

modified barium swallow

Question 7

diagnostic exams

evaluate oral and pharyngeal sources of dysphagia.

disadvantage?

Answer 7

FEES flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing

blind spot during swallowing

Question 8

most common non-traumatic ulcers

treatment? (3)

Answer 8

aphthous ulcer = canker sores

tetracycline mouthwash - severe recurrent but can burn….

chlorhexidine mouthwash - prevent secondary bacterial infection

50:50 milk of magnesia & benadryl

Question 9

to diagnose herpes infections

Answer 9

tzank smear (using wright’s stain) - giant cells with multiple nuclei, with inclusion bodies

Question 10

most common malignancy of oral cavity

sites (8)

Answer 10

scc

*lower lip
tongue
floor of mouth
gingiva
palate
tonsils
upper lip
buccal mucosa

Question 11

periapical/radicular cyst vs dentigerous cyst

Answer 11

periapical/radicular
due to pulpal inflammation from caries at tooth apex or root

dentigerous
crown of unerupted tooth

Question 12

ameloblastomas can arise from dentigerous cyst, dental lamina, and basal layer of oral mucus membrane. treatment of choice?

Answer 12

wide excision/resection

Question 13

management for odontogenic cysts

Answer 13

extraction of associated non-vital teeth and excision

Question 14

management for unicystic ameloblastomas

Answer 14

enucleation and curettage

Question 15

autoimmune

tears and saliva-producing glands are attacked

Answer 15

sjogren’s syndrome

Question 16

acute tonsillitis: erythematous and/or exudative tonsils with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, fever, and tender enlarged cervical LN.

pano mo masasabing chronic?

Answer 16

at least 5 times na acute

Question 17

tonsillitis common pathogens (4). drug of choice?

Answer 17

group a beta-hemolytic strep
pneumococci
staph
viruses

penicillin

Question 18

gold standard for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Answer 18

nocturnal polysomnography (time-consuming and expensive)

Question 19

how to diagnose tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

treatment

Answer 19

failure to pass NGT
or plain film showing tube coiled in esophagus

surgery; thoracotomy

Question 20

innervation

tongue
pharynx & larynx

Answer 20

anterior 2/3 - lingual nerve (5), chorda tympani for taste (7)

posterior 1/3 + soft palate - glossopharyngeal (9)

pharynx & larynx - vagus (10)

*solitary tract nucleus, thalamus, cortex

Question 21

where is the swallowing center located

Answer 21

pontine reticular system

Question 22

which cranial nerve exclusively innervates the tongue

Answer 22

hypoglossal 12

Question 23

cranial nerve - jaw closure, lip closure?

Answer 23

5, 7

Question 24

aspiration pneumonia treatment (3)

Answer 24

rehabilitative speech therapy
nasoduodenal/gastric tube
pulmonary toilet

Question 25

maneuver to improve laryngeal elevation and cricopharyngeal opening during swallow

Answer 25

mendelsohn maneuver

Question 26

rapidly progressive degenerative disease of unknown etiology that involves brain and spinal cord neurons

Answer 26

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 27

progressive disorder of cns marked by classic triad of: resting tremor bradykinesia rigidity

Answer 27

parkinsons

Question 28

degenerative plaques in cns. extremely variable presentation. dysphagia originating from pharyngeal phase of swallowing.

Answer 28

multiple sclerosis

Question 29

spasm of scm, masticator or cricopharyngeus

Answer 29

muscular dystrophy

Question 30

disorder of ach receptors. dysphagia and fatigue worsen during the day

Answer 30

myasthenia gravis

Question 31

in bitter alkaloids

Answer 31

phenylthiourea hereditary taste!!

Question 32

5 cardinal criteria: ``` absence of overflow emotional tears absent fungiform papillae depressed patellar reflex lack of axon flare following intradermal histamine ashkenazi jewish extraction ```

Answer 32

riley-day disease