Taxonomy

Question 1

The branch of biology that classifies all living things

Answer 1

Taxonomy

Question 2

Taxonomy was developed by?

Answer 2

Swedish Botanist,
Carolus Linnaeus
1735, 18th Century

Question 3

What is Binomial Nomenclature?

Answer 3

The system of giving each type of organism a genus and species name

Question 4

Enumerate the Taxonomic Hierarchy:

Answer 4

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

Question 5

The highest (most general) rank of organisms; the term wasn’t used until 1990, over 250 years after Linnaeus developed his classification system

Answer 5

Domain

Question 6

Can cause illnesses, susceptible to antibiotics, and have peptidoglycan cell walls

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

Cant cause illnesses, living in extreme environments, and are not susceptible to antibiotics

Answer 7

Archaea

Question 8

Organisms that live under extreme environments, ex.: high temp, pressure, salt concentrations, etc.

Answer 8

Extremophiles

Question 9

The Three Domains:

Answer 9

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaria

Question 10

The Six Kingdoms:

Answer 10

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

Question 11

Includes all eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi;
lives in aquatic environments and may be found in freshwater, saltwater, or damp soil habitats;

Answer 11

Protists/Protista

Question 12

Are unicellular and heterotrophic; animal-like protists.

Answer 12

Protozoa

Question 13

means they seek out food in their surrounding environments

Answer 13

Heterotrophic

Question 14

Some animal-like protists prey on other, smaller microorganisms, which they engulf and digest in a process known as?

Answer 14

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Four main types of protozoa:

Answer 15

Amoeba, Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoans

Question 16

Pseudopodia : Non-Motile

Answer 16

Amoeboids : Sporozoa

Question 17

The “false feet” used to catch bacteria and smaller protists

Answer 17

Pseudopodia of Amoeba

Question 18

You get amebiasis when?

Answer 18

A parasite calledEntamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica)enters yourdigestive system

Question 19

A flagellated protozoa which causes “Sleeping sickness” in Africa? Name its carrier

Answer 19

Trypanosoma brucei, Tsetse Flies

Question 20

Tiny hair-like structures which they use to move around and waft food into their mouths

Answer 20

Cilia

Question 21

Are naturally found in aquatic habitats. They are typically oblong or slipper-shaped and are covered with short hairy structures called cilia

Answer 21

Paramecium

Question 22

Are parasitic organisms

Answer 22

Sporozoa

Question 23

Malaria is a serious disease that is spread when you get bitten by an? What is injected into your bloodstream that causes malaria?

Answer 23

Anopheles Mosquito; Plasmodium

Question 24

Are usually photosynthetic organisms, and most contain chloroplasts and/or chlorophyll;
a thin filament which anchors the organism and is capable of absorbing nutrients

Answer 24

Algae (Plant-like Protists)

Question 25

A thin filament which anchors the organism and is capable of absorbing nutrients

Answer 25

Rhizoids

Question 26

Kelp : Red Algae : Fire Algae

Answer 26

Brown algae : Rhodophyta : Dinoflagellates

Question 27

Cannot be seen by the naked eye? Cam be seen as dust?

Answer 27

Diatoms : Dinoflagellates

Question 28

Two major types of Fungi-like Protists:

Answer 28

Slime Molds and Water Molds

Question 29

often found on rotting logs, where they feed on decaying organic matter; often unicellular but, when food is scarce, can swarm together to form a slimy mass; brightly colored, moves very slowly;

Answer 29

Slime Molds

Question 30

usually live on the surface of water, or in damp soil and feed on decaying organic matter; This group contains several plant pathogens, including the devastating potato disease known as potato blight.

Answer 30

Water Molds

Question 31

Are two organisms living together as one, also known as a composite organism

Answer 31

Lichens

Question 32

9 Well known phyla in the animal kingdom:

Answer 32

porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthe, nematoda, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, & chordata

Question 33

Characteristics in phylum chordata

Answer 33

Notochord, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, & Post Anal Tail

Question 34

A longitudinal, cartilaginous rod between the nerve cord and the digestive tract; Acts as support for nerve cord is replaced by vertebral column after embryonic stage in all vertebrates.

Answer 34

Notochord

Question 35

A bundle of nerves running along the “back” and splits into the brain and the spinal cord an it is hollow

Answer 35

Dorsal Nerve Cord

Question 36

The openings which allow the entry of water through the mouth without entering the digestive system viz. they connect mouth and throat. All Chordates have these openings on the lateral sides of the pharynx at some stage of their life.

Answer 36

Pharyngeal Slits

Question 37

The tail is composed of skeletal muscles which help in locomotion in fish-like species. It is absent in most of the adult Chordates.

Answer 37

Post Anal Tail

Question 38

3 Subphyla of Phylum Cordata

Answer 38

Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebrata

Question 39

Urochordata : Cephalochordata : Vertebrata

Answer 39

Tunicates : Lancelets : Vertebrates

Question 40

6 Subphylum Vertebrata Classes:

Answer 40

Agnatha, Amphibia, Reptillia, Aves, Mammalia, Chondrichthyes & Osteichthyes,

Question 41

Greek for “jaw” and the prefix “a” means “without,”

Answer 41

Gnathos

Question 42

with jaw : without jaw

Answer 42

Gnathan : Agnathan

Question 43

"Bone-Skin"; Were vertebrate fishes encased in bony armor, unlike present-day jawless fishes, which lack bone in their scales;

Answer 43

Ostracoderms

Question 44

Are animals capable of surviving both on land and in water, cold blooded, produces gelatinous eggs

Answer 44

Class Amphibia

Question 45

Amphibia is derived from the greek words? which means?

Answer 45

"Amphibious" means "Double Life"

Question 46

Maintains their body temperature through external means such as sunning on a rock or seeking shade

Answer 46

Exothermic

Question 47

Need less food/energy to live and live longer than a comparable sized mammal are Exothermic and cold-blooded, produces hard/leathery eggs

Answer 47

Class Reptilia

Question 48

A group of warm-blooded vertebrates, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

Answer 48

Class Aves

Question 49

They have mammary glands and body hair (or fur). Their skin possesses oil glands (sebaceous glands) and sweat glands (sudoriferous glands).

Answer 49

Class Mammalia

Question 50

Oil Glands : Sweat Glands

Answer 50

Sebaceous Glands : Sudoriferous Glands

Question 51

Have millions of tiny air sacs called?

Answer 51

Alveoli

Question 52

How many heart chambers do mammals have?

Answer 52

4

Question 53

3 Subclasses of Mammalia:

Answer 53

Eutheria, Metatheria, Prototheria

Question 54

The young ones are developed inside the mother and derive nutrition through the placenta from the mother.

Answer 54

Eutheria

Question 55

Gives birth to immature young ones, hence they stay in their mother’s pouch until they mature

Answer 55

Metatheria

Question 56

Consists of egg-laying mammals and also known as Monotremes

Answer 56

Prototheria

Question 57

Chondro : Ichthys : Osteo

Answer 57

Cartilage : Fish : Bone

Question 58

They have a cartilage skeleton, not bone. They are not buoyant like other fish so they must swim or sink.

Answer 58

Class Chondrichthyes

Question 59

This is the most numerous of all vertebrate classes, their swim bladder is an air sac used to control buoyancy, can hold still and not sink

Answer 59

Class Osteichthyes

Question 60

Function of Operculum

Answer 60

Helps to draw water across/through the gills

Question 61

Are characterized by a unique radial symmetry and a spiny or prickly outer skin

Answer 61

Phylum Echinodermata

Question 62

The name “echinoderm” translates to?

Answer 62

"Spiky Skin"

Question 63

Dominates the animal kingdom with an estimated 85 percent of known species included in this phylum

Answer 63

Phylum Arthropoda

Question 64

The principal characteristics of all the animals in this phylum are functional segmentation of the body and presence of jointed appendages

Answer 64

Phylum Arthropoda

Question 65

Greek words for: "Jointed Legs" : "Joint" : "Legs"

Answer 65

"Arthropoda" : "Arthros" : "Podos"

Question 66

A waterproof, tough polysaccharide that are present on arthropod exoskeletons

Answer 66

Chitin

Question 67

The largest phylum in the animal world

Answer 67

Phylum Arthropoda

Question 68

Nema means? Roundworms is also known as?

Answer 68

Thread, Nematoda

Question 69

A roundworm, infects humans via the fecal-oral route. Eggs released by adult females are shed in feces. Infection occurs when a human swallows water or food contaminated with embryonated eggs

Answer 69

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 70

Roundworm that causes trichuriasis, referred to as the whipworm, looks like a whip with wide handles at the posterior end. If humans ingest the embryonated eggs, the eggs start to hatch in the human small intestine and utilize the intestinal microflora and nutrients to multiply and grow.

Answer 70

Trichuris trichiura

Question 71

Often called "Segmented Worms", they possess true segmentation of their bodies, with both internal and external morphological features repeated in each body segment. Greek word for "Little Rings"

Answer 71

Annelids, Annelus

Question 72

having both male and female reproductive organs

Answer 72

Hemaphrodites

Question 73

Greek words for "flat" and "worm":

Answer 73

"plat", "helminth"

Question 74

being acoelomates, do not have a circulatory system or respiratory system. What this means is that they have no heart, lungs, or blood vessels.

Answer 74

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 75

What is a system of diffusion?

Answer 75

Where oxygen and other nutrients directly diffuse into their tissues without the need for energy.

Question 76

Is the second-largest animal phylum, with over 100,000 species

Answer 76

Phylum Mollusca

Question 77

Organisms belonging to this phylum have a calciferous shell. The bodies are generally very soft and are covered by the hard exoskeleton.

Answer 77

Phylum Mollusca

Question 78

"Stinging Cells" : "Stingers" : Hairlike Projections

Answer 78

Cnidocytes : Nematocysts : Cnidocils

Question 79

Contain specialized cells known as cnidocytes containing organelles called nematocysts,

Answer 79

Phylum Cnidaria

Question 80

Have no internal organs, nervous tissue, circulatory system, or digestive systems, making them the most primitive of the multi-cellular animals.

Answer 80

Phylum Porifera

Question 81

To support and protect their soft bodies, sponges produce skeletons of?

Answer 81

Calcium Carbonate, Silica, and soft Spongin