Taxonomy of Bacteria Flashcards
(36 cards)
What made the first biochemical compounds
Abiotic systems
Name the two origin of life hypothesis
Surface origin
the first membrane enclosed self replicating cells arose from premordial soup rich in organic and inorganic compounds.
Subsurface origin
Life originated in hydrothermal springs on the ocean floor
Support the Subsurface hypothesis
conditions on the ocean floor would have been more stable and there is a steady supply of energy H2 and H2S
Give an opposition for the surface origin hypothesis
Temperature f; actuations in the day and night and mixing from over elements like dust clouds, UV radiation and storms
what is horizontal gene transfer
Exchange of genetic material between cells
the sequence of origin
Building blocks , Catalytic and self replicating RNA, Protein synthesis ( Protein templated translation), DNA , Lipid bilayer, divergence of Bacteria and archea.
why is it believed that the fist self replicating systems may have been RNA based.
RNA can bind to small molecules
RNA has catalytic activity and it may have catalyzed its own synthesis.
RNA can be copied like DNA.
Which is more stable, DNA Or RNA
DNA
The universal 3 part system
DNA,RNA and protein
What does LUCA stand for and what does it mean.
last universal common ancestor: Group of cells from which cellular life may have emerged
carbon source:
energy source:
how was the energy source generated
CO2
H2
reacting h2s with FeS
how did the present of abundant organic compounds affect the events nature
Provided an abundant, diverse and continually renewed source of organic carbon.
Meaning of the word phonetic
Overall similarity.
The principles of phenetic classification
All characteristics are equal
classification should be based on as many characteristics are possible
Organisms should be grouped on the basis of overall similarity
what does the similarity coefficient or Jaccard coefficient stand for
quantification of the similarity between pairs of microorganisms
types of mutations that could occur
Nucleotide change
insertion
Deletion
Consequences of mutations
silent
deleterious
beneficial
What is comparative rRNA sequencing
a procedure that involves;
amplification of the gene encoding SSU rRNA
sequencing the ammplified gene
Analysis of the sequence in. reference to other sequences
what is rRNA sequencing used for.
infering the phylogeny of prokaryotes and other microorganisms
What determines the evolutionary relationship of two ogansins
The number of mutations that accumulate in the over time
what is a phylogenetic tree
Graphic illustration of the relationship among sequences
what does the branch length represent
the number of changes that have occurred along the branch
What do nodes in phylogenetic trees represent
Putative common ancestor
what does the theory of endosymbiosis imply and support
it implies that mitochondria and chloroplast arose from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes within another type of cell
