[TB] Flashcards by Johannes Staufenberg

airborne - droplet transmission/inhalation

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Active

Latent

Active non-respiratory

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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The calcified necrotising focus of TB associated with a lymph node

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Mantoux test

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Ziehl-Neelsen

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Ghon complexes - caseating granulomata

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increased O2 tension - aerobic bacteria

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consolidation

calcification

cavitation

fibrosis

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Apices

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cavitating TB eroding into blood vessels

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cavitating TB eroding into bronchioles –> cough –> droplet infection

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identification of Rifampicin (+multidrug) resistance

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miliary TB (millet seed - lung invasion)

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disseminated haematogenous invasion and spread

Retinal TB

milary

Potts

vertebral TB of the spine

Potts diseas of the spine (spinal TB)

NO - continue course regardless of -ve MC&S if hist and clin picture are indicative

8 hours

BCG

(wanes during adulthood)

[TB]: What is the leading cause of death in those with HIV

[TB]: what Ix is 1st line

CXR

[TB]: how do you differentiate on CXR between pleural effusion and consolidation (both diffuse opacity)

Trachea pulled towatrds consolidation (away from effusion)

[TB]: Tx: what are the 1st line drugs (4)

Isoniazid (-cidal) Rifampicin (-cidal) Pyrazinamide (-cidal) Ethambutol (-static)

[TB]: Tx: what drugs are used in the induction phase

H+R+Z+E

[TB]: Tx: how long is the maintence phase for CNS TB

10 months (penetration - BBB)

[TB]: Tx: how long is the maintence phase for all types of TB other than CNS

6 months

[TB]: Tx: what are the SEs of isoniazis (3)

hepatotoxicity peripheral neuropathy drug-induced lupus

[TB]: Tx: what are the SEs of Rifampicin (4)

Hepatotoxicity Orange discolouration/urine CyP450 inducer Interstitial nephritis

[TB]: Tx: what are the SEs of pyrazinamide? (3)

Hepatotoxicity Gout Rash

[TB]: Tx: what are the SEs of ethambutol? (2)

occular toxicity - optic neuritis Rash