TB

Question 1

Which form of TB used to be significant?

Answer 1

Mastitis

Question 2

Which other system is invovled as well the pulmonary disease?

Answer 2

Draining lymph nodes

Question 3

How is TB transmitted?

Answer 3

Nasal and aerosol

Question 4

What is gold-standard for TB diagnosis?

Answer 4

CUlture

Question 5

What’s the problem with culture?

Answer 5

Insensitive

Question 6

What’s the problem with antibody tests for M bovis?

Answer 6

Poor sensitivity

Question 7

Which species if the specific immune response against in diagnosis or surveillance?

Answer 7

M bovis

Question 8

Which species are used in SICCT?

Answer 8

M bovis and M avium

Question 9

After how long do you read a TB test?

Answer 9

72 hours

Question 10

What kind of immunity do you see in SICCT?

Answer 10

Cell-mediated

Question 11

What is the sensitivity and specificity of SICCT like?

Answer 11

High specificity, low sensitivity

Question 12

How does Bovigam work?

Answer 12

IFN-gamma ELISA to measure the total amount

Question 13

What’s the problem with Bovigam?

Answer 13

Does have higher sensitivity but lower specificity so more false reactions and can’t use it to screen herds

Question 14

Which species will extended pasteurisation (15-25 seconds) work against?

Answer 14

M paratuberculosis

Question 15

Who is responsible for slaughterhouse surveillance?

Answer 15

FSA

Question 16

Who does the compulsory TB testing?

Answer 16

Private vets paid and managed by the government

Question 17

How often is TB testing done?

Answer 17

1-4 years

Question 18

What happened to TB testing in 2001?

Answer 18

Reduced testing by 60% and disease prevalence doubled and has not really reduced

Question 19

Which part of the country are the epidemics usually?

Answer 19

Southwest

Question 20

What are the serotypes of epidemics like?

Answer 20

Different and locally contained

Question 21

What do homerange maps show?

Answer 21

Where each genotype is

Question 22

Why do slaughterhouse cases have lungs affected more than reactors?

Answer 22

More time for disease to develop

Question 23

What are TB areas divided into?

Answer 23

High, edge and low risk areas

Question 24

How often is TB testing in Cheshire?

Answer 24

6 months

Question 25

What happens if TB tests are failed?

Answer 25

Can't move animals unless to finisher units or slaughterhouses

Question 26

What must happen before the failed tests can go to slaughter?

Answer 26

Failed test must be confirmed by repeating it - called "breakdown"

Question 27

What happens if the failed test is not confirmed?

Answer 27

Goes to follow-up

Question 28

What will happen to most breakdowns?

Answer 28

Likely to recover

Question 29

When is the TB risk largest?

Answer 29

If the farmer has had it before

Question 30

What % of infected herds have had breakdown in previous 3 years?

Answer 30

50%

Question 31

Why might having a PI not lead to breakdown?

Answer 31

High turnover rates

Question 32

How many farms may have a PI?

Answer 32

20%

Question 33

What is most TB recurrence due to?

Answer 33

Re-introduction

Question 34

What is herd prevalence in annual testing areas?

Answer 34

16-18%

Question 35

What is the evidence for badgers?

Answer 35

Ideal host, 6% badgers infected where TB was a problem but 0.75% elsewhere, experimental transmission shown, other species show no spread, badgers are the only infected spcies, 100% match of DNA types in cattle and badger cases

Question 36

What did the Thornberry study show?

Answer 36

If badgers culled for 5 years, no TB in cattle for 10 years

Question 37

How is badger culling different in Ireland compared to UK?

Answer 37

UK has lower badger density, different ecology, natural boundary

Question 38

What can all breakdown be traced to in Scotland?

Answer 38

Transmission between cattle

Question 39

What kind of vaccine is the BCG vaccination?

Answer 39

Attenuated M bovis

Question 40

What is efficacy of vaccination compared to tuberculin testing?

Answer 40

Less

Question 41

How does vaccination affect the skin test?

Answer 41

Sensitizes, even 20% reactivity at 12 months

Question 42

What is protection like 24 months after vaccination?

Answer 42

None

Question 43

Why can you not vaccinate alongside test and slaughter?

Answer 43

There are DIVA tests but none specific or sensitive enough

Question 44

What is the problem with the badger vaccine?

Answer 44

Expensive and logistically difficult, and not shown to affect cattle rates

Question 45

What is the 25 year TB strategy?

Answer 45

1/4 yearly SICCT, slaughterhouse surveillance, follow up 6/12 month tests, pre-movement testing, unpasterised milk producers must test more often, gamma-IFN in low-risk areas