TBLS1-4 Flashcards
(32 cards)
which system helps make vitamin D; detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold; stores fat and provides insulation.
integumentary
what does the skeletal system function?
Supports and protects body; provides surface area for muscle attachments;
aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids (fats)
which system produces heat?
muscular
which system responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions
nervous
what is the function of the endocrine system
Endocrine Regulates body activities by releasing hormones (chemical
messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ
what is the function of the cardiovascular system
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid–base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels.
what is the lymphatic system
Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes.
which system helps regulate acid–base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds.
respiratory system
what 2 systems help regulate acid-base balance of body fluids
respiratory and urinary systems
what is the urinary system
Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid–base balance of body fluids; maintains
body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells
what do gonads produce?
Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk.
Describe and state the common surgical procedure that may produce Winged Scapula.
Mastectomy, lymph node dissection and anesthesia can cause injury to long thoracic nerve and cause Winged Scapula.
Describe the various openings in the diaphragm and what passes through them.
The diaphragm has three major openings through which various structures pass between the thorax and abdomen. These structures include the aorta, along with the thoracic duct and azygous vein, which pass through the aortic hiatus; the esophagus with accompanying vagus (X) nerves, which pass through the esophageal hiatus; and the inferior vena cava, which passes through the caval opening (foramen for the vena cava).
what are the 3 functions of the interior structures of the external nose
(1) warming, moistening, and filtering incoming air; (2) detecting olfactory stimuli; and (3) modifying speech vibrations as they pass through the large, hollow resonating chambers.
Describe the structures of voice production.
The mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds a superior pair called the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) and an inferior pair called the vocal folds (true vocal cords). The space between the vestibular folds is known as the rima vestibuli. The laryngeal ventricle is a lateral expansion of the middle portion of the laryngeal cavity inferior to the vestibular folds and superior to the vocal folds.
Describe the left lung taking into account the following: number of lobes, cardiac notch, and lingula
The oblique fissure in the left lung separates the superior lobe from the inferior lobe. The left lung also contains a concavity, the cardiac notch, in which the apex of the heart lies.
Describe the right lung paying attention to the number of lobes and location of each.
The oblique and horizontal fissures create the lobes of the lungs. Horizontal fissure at right 4th rib level between superior and middle lobe and oblique fissure separates the inferior lobe.
Describe at which level of the bronchial tree gas exchange begins.
Gas exchange begins at the level of respiratory bronchioles.
The pharynx functions as
a passageway for air and food, provides a resonating chamber for speech sounds, and houses the tonsils, which participate in immunological reactions against foreign invaders.
what is the larynx (LAR-ingks)
or voicebox is a short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea. It lies in the midline of the neck anterior to the esophagus and the fourth through sixth cervical vertebrae (C4–C6).
what are the the lobar (secondary) bronchi
one for each lobe of the lung. (The right lung has three lobes; the left lung has two.) The lobar bronchi continue to branch, forming still smaller bronchi, called
what are segmental (tertiary) bronchi
that supply the specific bronchopulmonary segments within the lobes.
what are terminal bronchioles
These bronchioles contain club (Clara) cells, columnar, nonciliated cells interspersed among the epithelial cells. Club cells may protect against harmful effects of inhaled toxins and carcinogens, produce surfactant (discussed shortly), and function as stem cells (reserve cells), which give rise to various cells of the epithelium.
Alveoli participate in
gas exchange, and thus respiratory bronchioles begin the respiratory zone of the respiratory system
