TCA cycle

Question 1

Acetyl CoA is generated in these 5 oxidation pathways

Answer 1

fatty acids, glucose, amino acids acetate and ketone bodies

Question 2

THE substrate for the TCA cycle

Answer 2

Acetyl CoA

Question 3

Oxidation of 2 carbon acetyl group energy is conserved as ____, _____, and ____.

Answer 3

NADH, FAD(2H) and GTP

Question 4

TCA generates energy via ____ _____.

Answer 4

cellular respiration

Question 5

Oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by this complex

Answer 5

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

Question 6

coenzymes of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Answer 6

TPP, lipoate and FAD

Question 7

alpha-ketogluturate dehydrogenase complex is anlagous to this complex of glycolysis

Answer 7

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 8

This substrate is used and regenerated in each turn of the cycle

Answer 8

Oxaloacetate

Question 9

When cells use intermediates of TCA or biosythetic rxns, the carbons must be replaced by anaplerotic rxns like this

Answer 9

pyruvate carboxylase reaction

Question 10

anaplerotic definiton

Answer 10

filling-up

Question 11

Where TCA cycle occurs

Answer 11

mitochondrion

Question 12

Flux of RCA is coordinated with the rate of these 2 things

Answer 12

electron-transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

This reflects demand for ATP in TCA cycle

Answer 13

feedback

Question 14

Change the rate of ATP utilization

Answer 14

response of enzyme to ADP, NADH/NAD+ ratio, rate of FAD(2H) oxidation [Ca2+]

Question 15

2 consequences of impaired TCA cycle

Answer 15

1. inability to generate ATP from fuel oxidation 2. accumulation of TCA cycle precursors

Question 16

most common cause of impaired function of the TCA cycle

Answer 16

lack of oxygen to accept electrons in electron-transport chain

Question 17

this DNA is not bound to histones in a chromatin structure

Answer 17

mitochondrial DNA

Question 18

within each cell there is multiple ______ and each of these also has multiple copies of this_____.

Answer 18

mitochondria, genome

Question 19

mitochondria diseases

Answer 19

diminshed capactity to create energy, neuro problems (seizures, MR, epilepsy), progressive diseases

Question 20

elevated ROS production found in these diseases

Answer 20

cancer and diabetes

Question 21

2 carbons into TCA yieds

Answer 21

2 CO2

Question 22

this enzyme links glycolysis to the TCA cycle

Answer 22

PDH

Question 23

protein transport that transports pyruvate into the mitochondria

Answer 23

mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)

Question 24

number of subunits in puruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 24

4

Question 25

acitivator of PDH kinase

Answer 25

acetyl CoA NADH

Question 26

inhibitor of PDH kinase

Answer 26

pyruvate ADP

Question 27

activates PDH phosphatase

Answer 27

Ca 2+

Question 28

oxaloacet + acetyl CoA --> citrate, enzyme?

Answer 28

citrate synthase (4C + 2C = 6C)

Question 29

succinate dehydrogenase oxidizes succiate making this and reducing this substrate

Answer 29

double C bond, FAD

Question 30

tumor supressor enzyme

Answer 30

SDH

Question 31

net result of TCA

Answer 31

3 NADH + H+, 1 FAD(2H) + 1 GTP = 10 ATP

Question 32

amine transfer cofactor

Answer 32

PLP

Question 33

rxn in TCA that have positive delta g

Answer 33

malate --> oxaloacetate, citrate -->isocitrate

Question 34

irreversible reactions of TCA cycle

Answer 34

those catalyzed by citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 35

ratio of citrate to isocitrate

Answer 35

20:01

Question 36

source of acetyl CoA

Answer 36

beta oxidation of fa, ketone bodies, acetate, glucose, alanine and serine, leucine and isoleucine

Question 37

major anaplerotic enzymes in cell

Answer 37

pyruvate carboxylase

Question 38

only enzyme embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 38

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 39

extreme muscle pain during exertion, lack of ammonia build-up, mutation on the gene coding of muscle specific AMPD1 isoform of AMP deaminase

Answer 39

myoadenylate deaminase deficiency

Question 40

TCA cylcle product that enters the electron transport chain

Answer 40

NADH

Question 41

electron flow in the chain Hydrogen to this location

Answer 41

intermembrane space

Question 42

complex order ETC w/NADH

Answer 42

I, III, IV

Question 43

complex order Etc w/FAD

Answer 43

II, III, IV

Question 44

Oxidation of one NADH pumps this many protons

Answer 44

4

Question 45

major source of ROS

Answer 45

CoQ to molecular oxygen

Question 46

complex I, # protons

Answer 46

nADH dehydrogenase, 4

Question 47

complex III, # protons

Answer 47

cytochrome b-c1 complex, 4

Question 48

complex Iv, # protons

Answer 48

cytochrome c oxidase, 2

Question 49

product of etc

Answer 49

water

Question 50

complex II, # protons

Answer 50

succinate dehyrogenase, 0

Question 51

protons pumped NADH, FAD

Answer 51

10, 6

Question 52

twelve protons complete one turn of rotos and generate ?

Answer 52

3 ATP

Question 53

of alpha beta pairs in stalk of ATP synthase

Answer 53

3

Question 54

excess energy from NADH --> H20

Answer 54

used to make use warm blooded

Question 55

when electron transport stops

Answer 55

at rest, ATP to ADP is high, no final acceptor of electron (no oxygen)

Question 56

this proton channel allows fat to be used for heat

Answer 56

UCP1 (thermogenin, uncoupling protein)

Question 57

chemical uncoupler used to lose weight

Answer 57

DNP (dinitrophenol)

Question 58

energy for transport across inner mitochondrial membrane comes from

Answer 58

electrochemical and pH gradient

Question 59

3 basic type of transporters

Answer 59

antiporters, symporters, uniporters

Question 60

mitochondrial permeability transition pore is brought on by this

Answer 60

hypoxia

Question 61

block complex I

Answer 61

pesticide, barbituate

Question 62

block complex III

Answer 62

antimycin A

Question 63

block complex IV

Answer 63

cyanide, CO, Azide

Question 64

Block complex V

Answer 64

Oligomycin

Question 65

Block mitochondrial DNA replication

Answer 65

AZT

Question 66

PDH subunits

Answer 66

e1-pyruvate decarboxylase(TPP) E2-transacetylase (lipoate) E3-dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (NAD+,FAD) X-transacetylase(Co-ASH)

Question 67

Anaplerotic reaction to make oxaloacetate.

Answer 67

Pyruvate via pyruvate carboxylase. Activated by acetyl coA

Question 68

disease characterized by inability to control movements, seizures etc

Answer 68

leigh's disease

Question 69

cause of leigh's disease

Answer 69

inherited mutation in the gene encoding E1alpha subunit of PDH