TDM

Question 1

Bioavailability

Answer 1

The amount of a drug that is present in the systemic circulation

Question 2

Purine (1,3-dimethyl xanthine) that acts as a bronchodilator and is used to relieve or prevent asthma

Answer 2

Theophylline

Question 3

Type I biotransformation reactions in hepatocytes

Answer 3

Modify drugs to render them active or inactive, (e.g. oxidation/reduction, deamination, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, etc.) before release into the systemic circulation

Question 4

Type II conjugation reactions in hepatocytes

Answer 4

Solubilize drugs so that they can be bound by carrier proteins and transported to their sites of activity, or to the kidneys for excretion

Question 5

Therapeutic range

Answer 5

The concentrations of a drug between the minimum effective concentration and the minimum toxic concentration

Question 6

Method of action of digoxin

Answer 6

Inhibits the Na-K-ATPase system and increases intracellular calcium, improving contraction of myocardial cells

Question 7

The amount of a drug that is present in the systemic circulation

Answer 7

Bioavailability

Question 8

Bioavailability of digoxin

Answer 8

Typically 80%

Question 9

When are trough samples for TDM collected?

Answer 9

Just before the administration of the next dose of a drug

Question 10

Organ most responsible for clearing drugs from the blood

Answer 10

Kidney

Question 11

What are cyclosporin and tacrolimus used for?

Answer 11

Immunosuppressants