Teaching Process - Block 2 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Teaching Skills Needed to be an effective instructor (4)
People Skills
Subject matter experience
Management Skills
Assessment Skills
Elaborate on the skills needed to be an effective instructor.
• People skills
o Communicate effectively (no abstract concepts)
o Respectful with students
o Motivate students to learn (readiness)
o Display enthusiasm
o Challenge students (students can tell when you’re going easy on them)
o Willingness to match teaching and learning styles (common experience)
• Subject matter expertise o Technical knowledge (keeping up to date on changes) o Proficient flight skills o Knowledge of effective teaching o Professional development
• Management skills o How to plan the lesson o Organize the lesson o Lead the student o Manage instructional time o Supervision of students
• Assessment skills
o Determining student learning
o Determining teaching effectiveness
o Knowledge of effective assessment techniques
Instructor’s Code of Conduct (6)
- Safety #1 priority
- Exercise good judgment/decision making
- Manage risks effectively
- Be accountable for your actions
- Adhere to prudent operating practices
- Adhere to applicable regulations
Teaching Process
Preparation
Presentation
Participation (application)
Review & Evaluate
Elaborate on the Teaching Process
• Preparation (outline, create scenarios, lesson plan)
o Need to determine lesson objective before planning anything
o Consideration of training syllabus
o Develop a lesson plan
o Instructor Review
o Instructor Materials
o Student Assignments (equal to the impact of all of the others)
• Presentation
o Present knowledge & skills needed to complete the lesson objective
o Method of presentation
♣ Lecture (for learning)
• Used when no previous experience with topic exists, so discussion of a topic can not occur just yet.
♣ Discussion (for learning)
♣ Demonstration-Performance (skill development)
• Shows order in which to perform
• Must do in order to learn it effectively
• Participate
o In your stage you will need to have them participate
o Apply knowledge & skills to complete lesson objective
♣ Maneuvers
♣ Solve problems
♣ Answer questions
• Review & Evaluate (recency and feedback for improvement) o Instructor reviews lesson ♣ Law of recency o Evaluation ♣ Informs student of their progress ♣ Corrects deficiencies ♣ Formal/informal
Teaching Method : Lecture (5)
What:
When:
a. Lecture
i. Speaking to the student with no feedback
ii. Only useful when the student has no previous reading or experience
iii. What: Knowledge
iv. When: New Topic, no previous experience
v. One way process, no feedback expected
Teaching Method: Discussion (4)
What:
When:
i. Dialogue between student and teacher, back and forth
ii. What: higher level knowledge and understanding
iii. When: prior experience and elaboration on topics can occur
iv. Two way process, prior experience is developed to build through questions on a discussion
Teaching Method: Demonstration - Performance (3)
What:
When:
i. Actually performing maneuvers to build experience, being modeled by instructor
ii. What: Skill
iii. When: hands on skill
Advantages of Lecture (6)
- Requires less student preparation (student advantage)
- Less risk involved (if student isn’t expecting questions) (student advantage)
- More time efficient (teaching advantage)
- Useful in a group setting (teaching advantage)
- Useful for new material (teaching advantage)
- Easier to stay on track (teaching advantage)
Advantages of Discussion: (4)
- More student involvement
- More in depth
- More effective Learning
- Build on knowledge by asking questions
Disadvantages of Discussion (3)
- Less efficient
- Less effective if bigger group
- More difficult to stay on track
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Two Key Attributes for discussion that you must have as an instructor.
- Tact:
a. Have to take the answer you get and mold it, not just simply say “NO” - Patience
Types of Questions (5)
o Overhead:
♣ only pertinent in a group setting (lead off question)
♣ Should have why or how
o Rhetorical
♣ Directed to group but instructor answers questions
o Direct
♣ When response is desired from an individual
o Reverse
♣ Response to studnets questions back to student
o Relay
♣ Response to students question back to the group
Characteristics of a good question: (6)
- Clear in Meaning
- Have specific purpose
- Should promote a single idea
- Stimulate thought
- Requires a definite answer
- Relates to a previously asked question
Characteristics of a good question: (6)
- Clear in Meaning
- Have specific purpose
- Should promote a single idea
- Stimulate thought
- Requires a definite answer
- Relates to a previously asked question
Phases of Demonstration Performance Method
o Explanation
o Demonstration
o Student performance
o Evaluate
Alternative Teaching Methods:
What is the discovery method
Define & Explain the 5 steps
Discovery Method: The student learns by being cut loose and learning purely by discovery.
- Give them a problem to solve
- Instructor provides only basic assistance
- Safety issues can make this method unusable for flight education
- Most effective method in terms of learning effectiveness
- Very strong learning experience but very inefficient.
Alternative Teaching Methods:
Problem Based Learning:
Define:
PBL Problems must be: (6)
• Student centered vs. instructor centered
• Confront student with problems and force them to solve it
o PBL problems
♣ Must be realistic and relate to the real world
♣ Require to students to make decision
♣ Not limited to one correct answer
♣ Connected to previous/new knowledge
♣ Reflects lesson objectives
♣ Challenge students to think critically
Problem based learning methods (3)
♣ Scenario based training method
• Objective for student to make good decisions and sound judgment
♣ Collaborative problem solving method
• Two or more students solve a problem
♣ Case study method
• Students analyze and conclude solutions
Alternative Teaching Methods:
Co-operative or group learning method
Define and discuss rules to follow (7)
• Small groups activities where students maximize their own and each others learning o Rules to follow: ♣ Small groups ♣ Clear instructions ♣ Objectives perceived as personal objectives ♣ Student access to needed information ♣ Sufficient time ♣ Individual accountability ♣ Recognition/rewards for groups
Alternative Teaching Methods:
Electronic Learning
What is it and give an example (4)
• Computer based learning • Simulations, role playing, and gaming • Examples: o CD/DVD o Internet o Webinar o Online courses
Integrated Method:
Explain
Why do we use integration method?
• Visual Reference o More important than instrument indications • Instruments reference • Why: o Development of scan habits, o increases accuracy of aircraft control for o operating efficiency o minimal emergency capability, but some
Teaching & Doing Technique
Is it effective?
What law does it support?
What happens?
• Very effective method
• Supports law of primacy
• Instructor tells student how to do it, and then does it
o Explanation and performance must conform
• Student tells & instructor does it
o Insures student understands the process
• Student Tells & Student Does
• Instructor must be alert for errors & student continues under evaluation
o Determine if lesson objective has been met.
Instructional aids:
What law does it support?
What does it help with?
Examples?
• Support the law of intensity • Helps maintain attention • Aids the student in developing a mental picture • Helps student understand relationships between materials and concepts • Increases student’s retention • Teaching efficiency • Examples: o Plane on a stick o Power-point o Pictures o Diagrams o Drawings o Videos o Printed material o Markers and board o Models-mock ups, cutaways o Test preparation materials
