Teamwork and Leadership Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is a team defined as?
A GROUP of TWO or MORE members IDENTIFIABLE by TYPE;
INTERACT and INTERDEPENDENT;
INDIVIDUALS think of themselves as a TEAM;
A COMMON or SHARED PURPOSE;
HELPS one another to ACCOMPLISH their GOAL;
Act in a UNIFIED MANNER;
COMMUNICATE, INFLUENCE and REACT to ONE ANOTHER
What is the key starting component of teamwork?
What can this component do?
BRIEFINGS;
Sets a TONE for the JOB either POSITIVELY or NEGATIVELY;
LEADER can BULID COHESIVENESS when everyone is INFORMED about the JOB, POTENTIAL PROBLEMS, and HOW it will PLAN OUT. Uses “OUR” and “WE” to make team feel valued
What are the 4 characteristics of a team?
Briefly explain each one?
ROLES: Specific TASKS and DUTIES that each person is GIVEN;
NORMS: RULES and STANDARDS of BEHAVIOUR EXPECTED within the team;
COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE: RULES about WHO TALKS to WHOM (HIERARCHY);
POWER STRUCTURE/GRADIENT: Who has the MOST POWER
What is a functional leader?
The person who has the MOST INFORMATION about the CURRENT SITUATION and, therefore, is PROVIDING LEADERSHIP through EXPERTISE
Should the captain/manager always be the leader?
No, the FIRST OFFICER must GROW into the CAPTAINS POSITION;
They may LEAD certain aspects such as BRIEFINGS, FUEL ON BOARD, ALTERNATES ect;
There is a SECTION in the PILOTS LOGBOOK for COMMAND PRACTICE hours
Why is a flight crew defined as a team?
They COMMUNICATE with each other and WORK TOGETHER (INTERACT);
INTERDEPENDENT as they RELY on others to do their respective JOBS PROPERLY, if this is NOT ACHIEVED the SAFETY and EFFICIENCY of TEAM is THREATENED
What situations can hinder team performance?
SHUTTING OUT a team member by IGNORING them, leaving them OUT of the LOOP, or making them FEEL BAD;
COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWNS or ACTING in a NON-UNIFIED manner;
Too many SIMILAR HAZARDOUS ATTITUDES as one CANNOT COUNTER OPINIONS
What are some aspects that are achieved by implementing a team into aviation?
REDUNDANCY;
FATIGUE management;
CROSS-CHECKING safety;
What problems may influence how individuals behave within a team?
Briefly explain each one?
How can these be overcome?
BYSTANDER EFFECT and SOCIAL LOAFING: People FEEL SAFER in a LARGE GROUP, but are LESS LIKELY to HELP. Give EVERYONE a UNIQUE RESPONSIBILITY;
LARGE GROUP PRODUCTIVITY: The larger the team the LESS EFFORT and LACK of COORDINATION. Get the TEAM to SELF-EVALUATE and ENCOURAGE specific SKILLS;
CONFORMITY: In situations people may be PRESSURED into DOING ANYTHING when they have an OPINION AGAINST EVERYONE but DON’T WANT CONFLICT.
What is cognitive dissonance?
What is an example of this?
The STATE of having INCONSISTENT THOUGHTS, BELIEFS or ATTITUDES, especially RELATING to BEHAVIOURAL DECISIONS and ATTITUDE CHANGE;
SMOKERS who KNOW its BAD but STILL DOES IT
What are the two strongest influences when making decisions in teams?
Explain each one?
GROUP POLARISATION / RISK SHIFT: Decision will be at FURTHER end of the CAUTIOUS/RISKY SCALE ie; If LEANING toward CAUTIOUS, FINAL DECISION will be even MORE CAUTIOUS;
GROUP THINK: HIGHLY COHESIVE TEAM, will CONFORM to HARMONISE
What are the other factors that may influence team decision making?
Explain each one?
MIND GUARDS: A MEMBER that FILTERS INFORMATION, providing LIMITED INFORMATION that acts to CONTROL and DIRECT the DECISION to a LIMITED RANGE of POSSIBILITIES;
IN GROUP and OUT GROUP: Founding BIASES on DIFFERENT GROUPS ie; different soccer teams EMPATHY vs PLEASURE (your team vs another team);
PERSONALITY TRAITS: INTROVERSION (QUIET, NOT CONTRIBUTE until ASKED), EXTROVERSION (TALKATIVE, may make INTROVERT MORE SHY), ANXIETY (needs REASSURANCE maybe due to INEXPERIENCE)
What are some characteristics of a good leader?
FLEXIBLE; Professional COMPETENCE; Effective COMMUNICATION skills; Good DECISION-MAKING skills; RESPONSIBILITY; ENTHUSIASM; HUMOUR; PURPOSE
What are the components of the leadership/followership model?
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT; CLIMATE and STRUCTURE; ROLES and RESPONSIBILITIES; KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS and ATTRIBUTES; COMMUNICATIONS
What are the characteristics of the external environment component?
REGULATORY environment: The LEGAL STRUCTURE within which the flight OPERATES;
CORPORATE environment: The written POLICIES and PROCEDURES established by COMPANY, may CONFLICT REGULATORY;
MARKET environment: Customer EXPECTATIONS, EXTERNAL service providers and LABOR/MANAGEMENT RELATIONS;
PHYSICAL environment: WEATHER, AIRCRAFT condition, ATC
What are the characteristics of the climate and structure component?
Using TECHNICAL, COGNITIVE and COMMUNICATION skills to achieve BOTH types of tasks;
STRUCTURING tasks: PLANNING, DELEGATING, COORDINATING, and MONITORING etc;
CLIMATE-SETTING tasks: MOTIVATING, CLARIFYING ROLES, and COACHING etc
What are the characteristics of the roles and responsibilities component?
LEADER/FOLLOWER roles may be associated with FORMAL or DESIGNATED ROLE defined by HIERARCHICAL position however may CHANGE in ABNORMAL situations where a FOLLOWER must rise to a LEADER position
What are the characteristics of the knowledge, skills and attributes component?
KNOWLEDGE: The INFORMATION the individual REMEMBERS and/or UNDERSTANDS (FACTS, PROCEDURES, PRINCIPLES etc);
SKILLS: A developed ABILITY, APTITUDE or KNOWLEDGE used effectively and readily in the EXECUTION or PERFORMANCE of TASKS;
ATTRIBUTES: Stable PERSONALITY TRAITS (openness, conscientiousness etc) or VARIABLE DISPOSITIONS (motivation, values, attitudes etc)
What are the characteristics of the communication component?
OPEN and SUPPORTIVE communication has 5 features:
BEHAVIOUR or EVENT ORIENTED NOT PERSON ORIENTED;
CONGRUENCE between what COMMUNICATOR FEELS and SAYS between verbal and non-verbal MESSAGES;
VALIDATES INDIVIDUALS;
CONJUNCTIVE as each member has the OPPORTUNITY to SPEAK and TOPICS are NOT DISCONNECTED;
OWNED as each member takes RESPONSIBILITY for their STATEMENTS and IDEAS
What are the leadership and followership skills?
ENVISIONING; MODELLING; INFLUENCE; RECEPTIVENESS; INITIATIVE; ADAPTABILITY
What does envisioning mean?
What effect does it have on the operation?
CREW member CREATES and ARTICULATES a PICTURE or PLAN to COMPLETE a TASK and ANTICIPATING future PROBLEMS and/or OPPORTUNITIES;
This IDEA must create OPEN COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT to VALIDATE it through CRITIQUE and QUESTIONS;
Can ORIGINATE from ANY CREW but usually CAPTAIN and requires EFFECTIVE VERBALISING to others of how to do it;
Every crew member has the SAME GOAL for the operation in mind and WORKS TOGETHER
What does modelling mean?
What effect does it have on the operation?
Ones personal EXAMPLE demonstrates what is EXPECTED from OTHERS this can be demonstrated on multiple levels: CAPTAIN, FIRST OFFICER, FLIGHT ATTENDANT etc;
Also about GIVING ADIVCE and POSITIVE FEEDBACK when appropriate: First officer struggling to fly approach and is visibly frustrated can be given feedback to calm down, alter his approach and safely land
What does influence mean?
What effect does it have on the operation?
Allows the OBTAINMENT of COMMITMENT from OTHERS to IDEAS or ACTIONS using effecting interpersonal SKILLS such as TACTFULNESS which involves COURTESY, RESPECT, and RAPPORT;
ASSERTIVENESS may be DIFFICULT but using statements that creates OWNERSHIP RATHER than PROJECTING FAULT such as “I think” or “I would like” makes influencing easier
What does receptiveness mean?
What effect does it have on the operation?
CREW that ENCOURAGE others to PAY ATTENTION to, and convey UNDERSTAND of another’s IDEAS, COMMENTS, or QUESTIONS specifically seen during BRIEFINGS when the CAPTAIN encourages FEEDBACK;
If there are QUESTIONS the CAPTAIN must also be RECEPTIVE to SOLICITED INPUT;
BODY LANGUAGE includes direct EYE CONTACT and NODDING with understanding
