Teas prep SCIENCE

Question 1

Arteries vs. Veins

Answer 1

Arteries: deliver blood from the heart to other parts of the body. Have thick walls.
Veins: carry blood to the heart. Thinner muscle layer and larger lumen.

Question 2

Diastole vs.Systole

Answer 2

Diastole: heart refills with blood
Systole: heart expels blood.

Question 3

Pulmonary Loop

Answer 3

carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to left atrium.

Question 4

Systemic loop

Answer 4

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to right atrium.

Question 5

Blood Plasma

Answer 5

Contains nutrients, hormones, antibodies and other immune proteins.

Question 6

RBC

Answer 6

Contain hemoglobin and transport O2 from lungs to rest of the body.

Question 7

Prostate

Answer 7

Gland that controls the release of urine and secretes a part of semen that enhances the motility and fertility of sperm.

Question 8

Vas deferens

Answer 8

Duct in which sperm moves from a testicle to the urethra.

Question 9

Graafian follicle

Answer 9

in the ovary; matures and releases an egg that then travels down the fallopian tubes to the uterus.

Question 10

Fallopian Tubes

Answer 10

Fertilization occurs here. Tubes carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.

Question 11

Uterine Wall

Answer 11

AKA: endometrium. fertilized egg embeds itself here and produces placenta to allow fetus and parent blood supply network.

Question 12

Kidney function

Answer 12

Filtering blood, creating urine, stabilizing water balance, maintaining blood pressure, and producing active form of vitamin D.

Question 13

Nephron

Answer 13

Function unit of the kidney. Filtering and excretion.

Question 14

Glomerulus

Answer 14

Located in the renal cortex, filters blood to form a dilute plasma-like filtrate, which is then concentrated in the proximal and distal convoluted loops of renal medulla

Question 15

Renal Medulla

Answer 15

Innermost part of kidney.

Salt and water are resorbed to make urine, which is released to collecting duct.

Question 16

Urine

Answer 16

Waste product containing urea, water salts and excess metabolites

Question 17

Renin

Answer 17

Produced by kidneys. Enzyme that regulates arterial blood pressure by retaining or removing water and salt.

Question 18

Autonomic Nervous system

Answer 18

Part of peripheral nervous system that regulates unconscious body functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 19

Sensory Nerves

Answer 19

(afferent) send messages to the central nervous system

Question 20

Motor Nerves

Answer 20

(efferent) send messages to the muscles.

Question 21

actin vs mysosin

Answer 21

both have long strands of proteins. Myofibrils made up of sarcomere units.
Actin: thin filaments,
Myosin: thick filaments.

Question 22

Adrenal

Answer 22

gland above kidney that produces hormones to regulate heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

Question 23

Pineal

Answer 23

small gland near the center of brain; secretes melatonin

Question 24

Pituitary

Answer 24

at the base of the brain; controls growth and development.

Question 25

Thyroid

Answer 25

gland in neck; secretes hormones that regulate growth, development and metabolic rate.

Question 26

Hypothalamus

Answer 26

small region in the middle of the brain; regulating body temperature, releasing hormones.

Question 27

Mouth

Answer 27

entry to alimentary canal; | Enzymes: salivary amylase, salivary lipase

Question 28

Stomach

Answer 28

major portion of digestion Enzymes: Gastric lipase, pepsin(ogen), HCL Hormones: Gastrin, ghrelin

Question 29

Liver

Answer 29

produces bile, regulates glycogen storage. | Enzyme: bile(gall bladder)

Question 30

Pancreas

Answer 30

gland of digestive and endocrine system that produce insulin and secrete pancreatic juices. Enzyme: Pancreatic juice( bicarbonate, lipase, trypsin, protease, amylase) Hormones: secretin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon.

Question 31

Small Intestine

Answer 31

includes duodenum, jejunum, ileum. Digestion and absorption occur. Enzyme: brush border(protease, lactase, disaccharides) Hormones: Cholecystokinin, somatostatin, secretin, motilin,

Question 32

Large Intestine

Answer 32

;colon. where vitamins(vit K) and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination.

Question 33

Haversian Canal

Answer 33

Channels in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves

Question 34

Osteoblasts

Answer 34

Cells that MAKE bone. | Mononucleate

Question 35

Osteoclasts

Answer 35

Cells that REMOVE bone. | multinecleate

Question 36

Long bones

Answer 36

compact, hollow shafts containing marrow. Ends are usually made up of spongy bone with air pockets. Ex: humerus, ulna radium, femur, tibia, fibula.

Question 37

Short Bones

Answer 37

wider than they are long. toes(metatarsals), collarbone(clavicle).

Question 38

Flat bones

Answer 38

are not hollow but contain marrow. | Scapula, ribs and sternum

Question 39

Irregular bones

Answer 39

have non-symmetrical shapes. | skull, knee and elbow.

Question 40

Synovial Joints

Answer 40

knees hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket.