TEAS_Science_Flashcards
(192 cards)
1
Q
What organ produces bile?
A
Liver
2
Q
Where is bile stored?
A
Gallbladder
3
Q
What organ absorbs most nutrients?
A
Small intestine
4
Q
What structure is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
A
Alveoli
5
Q
What part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A
Cerebellum
6
Q
What system transports oxygen in the body?
A
Circulatory system
7
Q
What system brings oxygen into the body?
A
Respiratory system
8
Q
What is the function of the kidneys?
A
Filter blood and produce urine
9
Q
What organ is responsible for pumping blood?
A
Heart
10
Q
Which organ is the control center of the body?
A
Brain
11
Q
Which muscle helps lungs expand during breathing?
A
Diaphragm
12
Q
Which system controls hormone production?
A
Endocrine system
13
Q
What is the main function of red blood cells?
A
Transport oxygen
14
Q
What part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
A
Central nervous system
15
Q
What is the largest organ in the body?
A
Skin
16
Q
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
A
Mitochondria
17
Q
What is the control center of the cell?
A
Nucleus
18
Q
What is osmosis?
A
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
19
Q
What does DNA do?
A
Stores genetic information
20
Q
What is mitosis?
A
Cell division that produces identical cells
21
Q
What is meiosis?
A
Cell division that produces sex cells (gametes)
22
Q
What is a gene?
A
Segment of DNA that codes for a trait
23
Q
What is a dominant allele?
A
An allele that expresses its trait over a recessive one
24
Q
What is diffusion?
A
Movement of particles from high to low concentration
25
What pH value is neutral?
7
26
What pH range is acidic?
0–6
27
What pH range is basic?
8–14
28
What kind of bond shares electrons?
Covalent bond
29
What kind of bond transfers electrons?
Ionic bond
30
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
31
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom
32
What is the variable changed by the researcher?
Independent variable
33
What is the variable measured in an experiment?
Dependent variable
34
What is a control in an experiment?
A constant for comparison
35
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess or prediction
36
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Ask a question / Identify a problem
37
Why is it important to repeat an experiment?
To confirm results and increase reliability
38
What is qualitative data?
Descriptive data (e.g., color, texture)
39
What is quantitative data?
Numerical data (e.g., mass, time, length)
40
Which hormone regulates blood sugar?
Insulin
41
What gland produces growth hormone?
Pituitary gland
42
What is the function of the spleen?
Filters blood and supports immune function
43
What does the pancreas secrete to aid digestion?
Digestive enzymes and insulin
44
Which part of the nephron filters blood?
Glomerulus
45
What organ produces red blood cells?
Bone marrow
46
Which system removes waste from the blood?
Excretory (urinary) system
47
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
Returns fluid to blood and fights infection
48
Which system includes the skin, hair, and nails?
Integumentary system
49
What is the main function of white blood cells?
Fight infection
50
What is transcription?
Process of making RNA from DNA
51
What is translation?
Process of making protein from RNA
52
What base pairs with adenine in DNA?
Thymine
53
What base pairs with cytosine?
Guanine
54
What sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose
55
What is a genotype?
An organism's genetic makeup
56
What is a phenotype?
An organism's physical traits
57
What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles
58
What does heterozygous mean?
Having two different alleles
59
What tool predicts genetic outcomes?
Punnett square
60
What is a physical change?
A change in appearance, not chemical composition
61
What is a chemical change?
A change that creates a new substance
62
What is the mass number of an atom?
Protons + neutrons
63
What are columns on the periodic table called?
Groups
64
What are rows on the periodic table called?
Periods
65
What unit is used to measure mass?
Gram
66
What unit is used to measure volume?
Liter
67
What tool measures volume accurately?
Graduated cylinder
68
What is the final step in the scientific method?
Communicate results
69
What makes an experiment valid?
A controlled setup with only one independent variable
70
What is a negative feedback loop?
A response that reduces the effect of a stimulus to maintain homeostasis
71
What is a positive feedback loop?
A response that amplifies a stimulus (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting)
72
Which two systems regulate homeostasis together?
Nervous and endocrine systems
73
What do T-cells do?
Attack infected or cancerous cells
74
What do B-cells do?
Produce antibodies
75
What are macrophages?
White blood cells that engulf pathogens and dead cells
76
What is glucagon’s role?
Raises blood sugar by triggering liver to release glucose
77
Which part of the brain controls body temperature?
Hypothalamus
78
What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
79
What is a point mutation?
A change in one nucleotide base
80
What is a frameshift mutation?
A mutation caused by insertion or deletion, changing the reading frame
81
What are the steps of DNA replication?
Unwinding, base pairing, joining
82
What is non-Mendelian inheritance?
Genetic patterns that do not follow dominant/recessive rules
83
What is a karyotype used for?
Visual display of chromosomes to detect abnormalities
84
What is a reactant?
A substance that starts a chemical reaction
85
What is a product?
A substance produced by a chemical reaction
86
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that absorbs energy (heat)
87
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that releases energy (heat)
88
What is the ideal gas law formula?
PV = nRT
89
What is condensation?
Change of gas to liquid
90
What is sublimation?
Change of solid to gas without becoming liquid
91
What is precision?
How consistently you get the same result
92
What is accuracy?
How close a measurement is to the true value
93
What is the function of the diaphragm on a microscope?
Controls the amount of light
94
What is the function of the coarse adjustment knob?
Moves the stage up/down to focus at low power
95
What is 1 milliliter in liters?
0.001 L
96
What is 1 kilometer in meters?
1000 m
97
What is the main source of energy for producers?
Sunlight
98
What is a primary consumer?
An organism that eats producers (herbivore)
99
What is cellular respiration?
Process that converts glucose and oxygen into energy
100
What is photosynthesis?
Process that converts sunlight, CO₂, and water into glucose and oxygen
101
What is natural selection?
Process where better-adapted organisms survive and reproduce
102
What is a trophic level?
A step in a food chain representing energy flow
103
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange: oxygen in, carbon dioxide out
104
What organ pumps blood throughout the body?
Heart
105
Which organ absorbs most nutrients?
Small intestine
106
Which gland produces insulin?
Pancreas
107
What is the main function of the kidneys?
Filter blood and produce urine
108
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
109
What hormone maintains pregnancy?
Progesterone
110
Which system protects the body with skin, hair, and nails?
Integumentary system
111
What are the main functions of white blood cells?
Fight infection
112
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining internal balance in the body
113
What is negative feedback?
A mechanism that reduces the output of a system to maintain balance
114
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
115
What process creates two identical cells?
Mitosis
116
What molecule stores genetic information?
DNA
117
What is the function of RNA?
Helps in protein synthesis
118
What is a Punnett square used for?
Predicting genetic traits
119
What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
120
What is natural selection?
Process where organisms better adapted to the environment survive and reproduce
121
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis creates body cells; meiosis creates sex cells
122
What is the basic unit of matter?
Atom
123
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
124
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
125
What type of bond shares electrons?
Covalent bond
126
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed
127
What is a physical change?
Change that does not alter chemical composition
128
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that absorbs heat
129
What is an exothermic reaction?
A reaction that releases heat
130
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Ask a question or identify a problem
131
What is an independent variable?
The variable changed by the researcher
132
What is a dependent variable?
The variable measured in the experiment
133
What is a control variable?
A variable that is kept constant throughout the experiment
134
Why is it important to repeat experiments?
To verify results and ensure reliability
135
What tool measures volume accurately?
Graduated cylinder
136
What is the SI unit for mass?
Gram
137
What is the purpose of a hypothesis?
To make a testable prediction about the outcome
138
What is the function of the ovaries?
Produce eggs and secrete estrogen and progesterone
139
Where does fertilization usually occur?
Fallopian tubes
140
Which hormone triggers ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
141
What is the function of the testes?
Produce sperm and testosterone
142
What structure supports fetal development during pregnancy?
Uterus
143
What is the main function of the liver?
Detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs
144
What is the role of the gallbladder?
Stores and concentrates bile
145
What does the large intestine do?
Absorbs water and forms feces
146
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Prevents food from entering the trachea
147
Where is the sinoatrial (SA) node located?
Right atrium of the heart
148
What is the function of platelets?
Assist in blood clotting
149
Which bone protects the brain?
Skull
150
Which muscle type is involuntary and found in internal organs?
Smooth muscle
151
What is the function of the diaphragm?
Helps in breathing by expanding the lungs
152
What organ produces enzymes to digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
Pancreas
153
What is the role of the adrenal glands?
Produce adrenaline and cortisol
154
Where are nephrons found?
Kidneys
155
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
156
What is the function of the ureters?
Transport urine from kidneys to bladder
157
Which system regulates body temperature?
Integumentary system
158
What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down waste materials and cellular debris
159
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
160
What does selectively permeable mean?
Allows some substances to pass through while blocking others
161
What is an allele?
A version of a gene
162
What is a zygote?
Fertilized egg cell
163
What is active transport?
Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy
164
What is passive transport?
Movement of molecules without energy
165
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that obtains food from other sources
166
What is an autotroph?
An organism that makes its own food
167
What are ribosomes responsible for?
Protein synthesis
168
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom
169
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms bonded together
170
What is a compound?
A substance made of two or more different elements
171
What is an element?
A pure substance made of one type of atom
172
What is a solvent?
A substance that dissolves another substance
173
What is a solute?
A substance that is dissolved
174
What does pH measure?
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺)
175
What happens in a synthesis reaction?
Two or more substances combine to form one
176
What happens in a decomposition reaction?
A compound breaks down into simpler substances
177
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed
178
What is the control group?
The group that does not receive the experimental treatment
179
What is a constant in an experiment?
A variable that is kept the same throughout the experiment
180
What is an experimental group?
The group that receives the treatment
181
What does a double-blind experiment prevent?
Bias from both participants and researchers
182
What graph is best for comparing categories?
Bar graph
183
What graph is best for showing trends over time?
Line graph
184
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction
185
What is a theory?
A well-tested explanation of natural phenomena
186
What is a law in science?
A statement that describes a consistent natural occurrence
187
What is the purpose of peer review?
To validate findings through critique by other scientists
188
What tool measures temperature?
Thermometer
189
What is a beaker used for?
Holding and mixing liquids
190
What is the meniscus?
The curve at the surface of a liquid in a graduated cylinder
191
Why are repeated trials important?
To ensure accuracy and reliability
192
What is qualitative data?
Descriptive data that cannot be measured numerically
