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Life Science Exam Prep > Tech 102 > Flashcards

Tech 102 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

The cell.

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2
Q

True or False: Plant cells have chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside a cell is called ______.

A

cytoplasm.

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4
Q

What structure controls what enters and exits the cell?

A

The cell membrane.

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5
Q

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in both plant and animal cells?

A

Mitochondria.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of a plant cell?
A) Cell wall
B) Chloroplast
C) Lysosome
D) Vacuole

A

C) Lysosome.

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7
Q

What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?

A

Epithelial tissue.

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8
Q

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the chemical reactions they catalyze.

A

False.

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9
Q

What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

A

To speed up chemical reactions.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate is called the ______.

A

active site.

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11
Q

What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

A

To transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of epithelial tissue is specialized for absorption?
A) Squamous
B) Cuboidal
C) Columnar
D) Transitional

A

C) Columnar.

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13
Q

True or False: Xylem also transports sugars in plants.

A

False.

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14
Q

What are the two main types of cells in the human body?

A

Somatic cells and germ cells.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are ______, which means they are proteins that act as catalysts.

A

biological catalysts.

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

To provide structure and support.

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17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘control center’ of the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

A

B) Nucleus.

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18
Q

What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

A

Cellulose.

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19
Q

True or False: Animal cells have a fixed shape due to the presence of a cell wall.

A

False.

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20
Q

What is the term for the process by which enzymes lose their functional shape?

A

Denaturation.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a network of proteins that helps maintain the cell’s shape.

A

cytoskeleton.

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22
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the lining of the lungs?

A

Simple squamous epithelium.

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following tissues is responsible for the transport of nutrients in plants?
A) Phloem
B) Xylem
C) Parenchyma
D) Sclerenchyma

A

A) Phloem.

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24
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

A

To synthesize proteins.

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25
True or False: All enzymes work best at the same temperature.
False.
26
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the semi-permeable membrane surrounding the nucleus.
nuclear envelope.
27
What are the two main types of xylem cells?
Tracheids and vessel elements.
28
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissues? A) Avascular B) Highly vascular C) Contains nerve cells D) None of the above
A) Avascular.
29
What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.
30
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants lose water vapor is called ______.
transpiration.
31
What is an independent variable?
The factor that is changed or controlled in an experiment.
32
What is a dependent variable?
The factor being tested or measured in an experiment.
33
How to calculate average?
Add all values, then divide by the number of values.
34
How to calculate percentage?
(Part ÷ Whole) × 100
35
Define inorganic compounds.
Compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.
36
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
37
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
38
What is the structure of lipids?
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids; hydrophobic, energy storage.
39
Give an example of a nucleic acid.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
40
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction about the outcome of an experiment.
41
What are enzymes?
Proteins that act as biological catalysts.
42
Explain the lock and key model.
Enzyme = lock; Substrate = key that fits into enzyme's active site.
43
What factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration.
44
Label parts of the hand skeleton.
Phalanges, Metacarpals, Carpals
45
Label parts of the foot skeleton.
Phalanges, Metatarsals, Tarsals
46
What are the functions of a leaf?
Photosynthesis, gas exchange, transpiration.
47
What are the functions of a root?
Anchors plant, absorbs water and minerals.
48
Draw and label a stoma.
2 guard cells + pore; label nucleus and chloroplast.
49
What is squamous epithelium?
Flat, thin cells; found in lungs for gas exchange.
50
What is cuboidal epithelium?
Cube-shaped; found in glands.
51
What is columnar epithelium?
Tall cells; found in digestive tract.
52
What is ciliated epithelium?
Columnar cells with cilia; found in respiratory tract.
53
What is the difference between animal and plant cells?
Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole; animal cells do not.
54
What happens during prophase in mitosis?
Chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane breaks down.
55
What happens during metaphase in mitosis?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
56
What happens during anaphase in mitosis?
Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles.
57
What happens during telophase in mitosis?
Nuclear membranes reform around chromosomes.
58
What is cytokinesis?
Division of cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells.
59
What is a benign tumor?
Non-cancerous, does not spread.
60
What is a malignant tumor?
Cancerous, spreads to other tissues (metastasizes).
61
What is parenchyma tissue?
Thin walls, stores food and water, living cells.
62
What is collenchyma tissue?
Thickened corners, flexible support, living cells.
63
What is xylem tissue?
Dead cells; transports water and minerals upward.
64
What is phloem tissue?
Living cells; transports food throughout the plant.
65
How is xylem adapted?
Hollow tubes with lignin for strength; pits allow side water movement.

Life Science Exam Prep (1 decks)

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