Tech Fundamentals

Question 1

OSI layers

Answer 1

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that describes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computer system. The model is divided into seven layers, each of which performs a specific function in the transmission of data between networked devices. These layers are designed to provide a standardized approach to network communication, allowing different types of devices to communicate with each other regardless of their underlying hardware or software. By understanding the functions of each layer in the OSI model, network engineers and IT professionals can design, implement, and troubleshoot complex networks more efficiently and effectively

Question 2

Layer 1

Answer 2

Layer 1, also known as the physical layer, is the first and lowest layer in the OSI model. It is responsible for the physical transmission of data over a communication channel, such as a wire, cable, or wireless signal. This layer defines the physical characteristics of the communication medium, including voltage levels, cable types, and signaling methods, to ensure that data is transmitted accurately and reliably between devices.

Question 3

Layer 2 Data link Frame

Answer 3

Question 4

Layer2 CSMA/CD

Answer 4

Question 5

L2 Summary

Answer 5

Question 6

Building L3 Network

Answer 6

Question 7

IPv4 and V6 packet structure

Answer 7

Question 8

L3 IpV4 Addressing

Answer 8

Question 9

L3 Subnet mask

Answer 9

Question 10

L3 Routing

Answer 10

Question 11

L3 ARP

Answer 11

Question 12

IP routing via routers

Answer 12

Question 13

L3 Summary

Answer 13

Question 14

L3 Problems

Answer 14

Question 15

L4 TCP Vs UDP

Answer 15

Question 16

TCP Segments

Answer 16

Question 17

TCP based connection flow

Answer 17

Question 18

TCP 3 way connection

Answer 18

Question 19

L4 StatelesVsstateful

Answer 19

Question 20

StaticNAT

Answer 20

Question 21

DynamicNAT

Answer 21

Question 22

PAT

Answer 22

Question 23

Ipv4 Addressing Fundamentals

Answer 23

Question 24

IPV4 addressing space

Answer 24

Question 25

IPv4 Addressing and subnetting

Answer 25

Question 26

IPV6 Addressing space

Answer 26

Question 27

IP Subnetting with address space example

Answer 27

Question 28

Normal Web based architecture with no DDOS attack

Answer 28

Question 29

Application Layer DDOS attack

Answer 29

Question 30

Protocol DDOS Attack

Answer 30

Question 31

Volumetric Amplification DDOS attack

Answer 31

Question 32

L2 Single switch problems to support multiple teams

Answer 32

Question 33

L2 Multi Switch Multi Team problems

Answer 33

Question 34

Q&Q Frame Tagging

Answer 34

Question 35

Q&Q packet flow in VLAN

Answer 35

Question 36

VLAN 101

Answer 36

Question 37

Explain SSL and TLS key exchange

Answer 37

Question 38

Explain BGP

Answer 38

Question 39

StatelessVsStateFul Firewall

Answer 39

Question 40

Stateless Firewall flow

Answer 40

Question 41

Stateful firewal flow

Answer 41

Question 42

JumboFrame usage in AWS

Answer 42

Question 43

Advantage of using Jumbo Frame

Answer 43

Question 44

Problems with jsut L3/4/5 firewall

Answer 44

Question 45

L7 firewall sequence

Answer 45

Question 46

IPSEC Fundamentals

Answer 46

Question 47

IKE1

Answer 47

Question 48

IKE2

Answer 48

Question 49

RouteVsPolicy

Answer 49

Question 50

FiberOptics Cable Physics

Answer 50

Question 51

FiberOptics 101

Answer 51

Question 52

Fiber Optics SingleMode VS Multimode

Answer 52

Question 53

Encryption 101

Answer 53

Question 54

Symmetric Encryption

Answer 54

Question 55

Asymmetric Encryption

Answer 55

Question 56

Signing in Encryption

Answer 56

Question 57

Steganography

Answer 57

Question 58

Envelope Encryption/Decryption

Answer 58

Question 59

HSM Problem and solution

Answer 59

Question 60

HSM architecture

Answer 60

Question 61

Hashing101

Answer 61

Question 62

Hashing Example usecase

Answer 62

Question 63

Digital Signature flow

Answer 63

Question 64

DNS 101

Answer 64

Question 64

DNS Why Not one server

Answer 64

Question 65

DNS Key Terms

Answer 65

Question 66

DNs Walking the tree

Answer 66

Question 67

Register domain

Answer 67

Question 68

DNSSEC101

Answer 68

Question 69

DNS sec problem callflow

Answer 69

Question 70

ZSK

Answer 70

Question 71

DNSKEY

Answer 71

Question 72

Key Signing Key

Answer 72