Tech Questions Flashcards
Approach speeds are based on what?
Based on Aircraft Category.
Vat= Vso x 1.3 or Vs1g x 1.23 Category A: Speed 90 knots or less. Category B: Between 91 and 120 knots. Category C: Between 121 and 140 knots. Category D: Between 141 knots and 165 knots. Category E: Speed 166 knots or more.
You fly what based aircraft?
What IFR category do you fly under?
Cat B Aircraft
2.66NM (300ft obst. clearance)
The max cat b speeds?
Vat 91-120 FAF 85-130 IAF 120-180 Circling 135 Missed approach 150 Reversal procedure 140kts
Tell us the missed approach climb gradient?
What is the obstacle clearance provided by the missed approach?
2.5%
provides min 100ft clearance
Descent below circling MDA?
Circling:
1. Remain within the circling area
2. Maintain visibility along the flight path not less than specified on the chart
3. Maintain visual contact with the landing runway environment
and:
a. By Day not less than the minimum obstacle clearance for the aircraft category
b. By day and night only from a position on downwind base or final that allows for normal rates of descent for the aircraft type.
How do you conduct a missed approach if circling and lose visual?
Climb
Turn towards the landing Runway
Intercept missed approach track
Communicate
Define the Cat C Circling area.
+ speeds
Vat 121-140 IAF 160-240 FAF 115-160 Circling 180 missed approach 240 4.2NM (400ft obst. clearance)
Does the circling area change if you have more than one runway?
Yes as long as the runway is a usable runway.
What about if one of the runways was 800m and grass?
How do they work out the circling area?
(Asked about a crossing runway that wasn’t suitable, can it be used?)
-
What are the requirements for visual circling?
Circling:
1. Remain within the circling area
2. Maintain visibility along the flight path not less than specified on the chart
3. Maintain visual contact with the landing runway environment
and:
a. By Day not less than the minimum obstacle clearance for the aircraft category
b. By day and night only from a position on downwind base or final that allows for normal rates of descent for the aircraft type.
How do you circle to land at night if your MDA approach is higher than your
circuit altitude?
Continue with normal circling procedures. you may conduct descent from downwind base or final as required to maintain on a normal descent profile
How would you take a climb gradient less than 2.5% into account for a missed approach.
Raise the MDA or DA to allow for the reduced climb performance.
Missed approach altitude - ((Altitude to climb in the MAP x Climb angle) / 2.5%)
Define a Visual Approach by Day and Night.
Day: Within 30nm Not bellow: MSA, LSALT ,dme gps arival, control step +500ft. clear of cloud Insight of ground or water 5k vis
Night: Not bellow: MSA, LSALT ,dme gps arival, control step +500ft. clear of cloud Insight of ground or water 5k vis
until the aircraft is:
established in the circling area
or within 3nm of the aerodrome reference point.
or
within 5nm on centerline or 7nm ILS equipped with papi tvasi lights not below slope
or
10nm on glide slope or 14nm YSYN
What are the requirements for circling day/ and night?
Obstacle clearance descent below MDA only by day.
Unexplained discrepancy on the ILS at the OM check, what do you do?
Go around
Standard take off minima? Is this what you use?
300ft and 2k vis.
or
The take-off minima mentioned in this section apply to a take-off that:
(a) is not a low-visibility take-off; and
(b) is conducted using a qualifying multi-engine aeroplane.
(2) The take-off minima are:
(a) visibility of:
(i) 800 m, or
(ii) 550 m, but only if:
(A) the runway has illuminated edge lighting at spacing intervals not exceeding 60 m; and
(B) the runway has centreline lighting or centreline markings; and
(C) all lighting mentioned in sub-subparagraphs (A) and (B) is supported by a secondary power supply with a switchover capability of 1 second or less; and
(D) if the aerodrome is a non-controlled aerodrome or a controlled aerodrome where ATC is not in operation — the take-off is conducted by day and the aerodrome is one at which the carriage of radio is mandatory.
qualifying multi-engine aeroplane means an IFR multi-engine aeroplane, whether powered by piston or turboprop engines, that is:
(a) operated by:
(i) at least 2 pilots; or
(ii) if fitted with operative autofeather — 1 pilot; and
(b) in the event of an engine failure — capable of maintaining terrain clearance until reaching the minimum height for IFR flight.
What is blue line for your aircraft? What is the definition of blue line?
Does it
change with weight?
Blue line is best rate of climb single engine.
No it does not change with weight.
Although the performance eg. climb rate it self will be better with a reduced weight the speed however does not change.
Tell us what red line is?
Vmca
Minimum control speed single engine
The speed is assessed under specific conditions:
maximum permissible power on all operating engines
critical engine wind milling
full rudder deflection or some nominated amount of pedal force, whichever occurs first
5 degrees of bank away from failed engine
flaps in take-off position
landing gear retracted
the most unfavourable centre of gravity (full aft)
Speed and time limitations on holding
Below FL140:
230IAS (170kts CAT A&B) (1min hold)
ABV FL140: 240IAS (1.5min hold)
ABV FL200: 265IAS
Above the highest MSA in turbulence and with ATC permission the lesser or 280kts or M0.8
Qualifying aircraft requirements to use reduced take off minima?
What are the take off minima?
Not qualifying?
limitations to the take-off requirements?
Chapter 15 Part 91 MOS
Qualifying multi-engine aeroplane means an IFR aeroplane that is:
(a) either:
(i) a multi-engine jet-powered aeroplane with an MTOW of more than 2 722 kg;
or
(ii) a multi-engine turboprop-powered aeroplane with an MTOW of more than
5 700 kg that is:
(A) operated by at least 2 pilots; or
(B) operated by 1 pilot and fitted with operative auto-feather; and
(b) in the event of an engine failure — capable of maintaining terrain clearance until
reaching the minimum height for IFR flight.
Able to meet climb gradient requirements
min 800m vis
or 550m if edge lighting is Max 60m intervals and centreline lighting or markings. If no ATC, must be day and at an airport that requires radios
The take-off minima mentioned in this section apply to a take-off that:
(a) is not a low-visibility take-off; and
(b) is not conducted using a qualifying multi-engine aeroplane.
(2) The take-off minima are:
(a) a cloud ceiling of 300 ft; and
(b) visibility of 2 000 m.
A pilot in command must not commence a take-off if, at the time of take-off:
(a) the meteorological conditions are less than the take-off minima for the aircraft; or
(b) the meteorological conditions that would exist if it were necessary to return to
land at the departure aerodrome because of engine failure, are not:
(i) at or above the landing minima for any IAP that the pilot in command is able
to conduct at the aerodrome; or
(ii) such as to allow a visual approach for the return to land.
What are the minima and requirements for approaches?
NPA
PA
Vis
Part 91 MOS
15.09
Landing minima requirements
(1) Landing minima obtained from an instrument approach chart must be selected in
accordance with:
(a) the specified aircraft performance category; and
(b) aircraft LNAV and VNAV capabilities.
(2) Landing minima must meet the requirements of section 15.10.
Selected minima must never be blow the chart value, AFM or company document(exposition/ops-manual)
15.10
Precision Approach Procedure:
800 m — (ii) the approach lighting system normally available beyond 420 m from the runway threshold is inoperative;
runway threshold is inoperative;
1 200 m — (iv) the approach lighting system normally available beyond 210 m from the runway threshold is inoperative;
1 500 m — but only if the approach lighting system normally available for the
runway is inoperative;
1.5x times either the RVR or the visibility specified on the instrument approach
chart for the IAP being conducted — but only if:
(i) a lighting failure has occurred on a runway at a controlled aerodrome; and
(ii) doubled spacing of runway edge lights results.
When can we use the 0.8km visibility criteria?
Minima for cat 1 can be used except
1.5km required if HIAL NA
1.2KM required unless:
Aircraft manually flown with FD to DA or with AP to DA coupled to LOC and GS or GLS
Aircraft has warning system for primary attitude and heading reference system failure
High intensity runway edge lighting available
800m required If RVR information in threshold NA
When can you use the special alternate weather minima at certain aerodromes around Australia?
Double asterisk **
Only at some airports as stated on the chart.
Not available if:
Local METAR/SPECI or forecasting services are not available
or
Airport control services are not available.
Must have dual ILS/VOR approach capability. 1. duplicated LOC and 2. duplicated GP and 3. duplicated VOR and either: a. dup. DME or b. dup. GNSS or c. single DME + single GNSS
What is the wake turbulence separation required on your aircraft?
Light following either Medium or Heavy: Arrival : 3min Displaced Landing Threshold: 2min Opposite direction: 2min Departure Full length: 2min Departure Intermediate: 3min
Light separation to Super add +1min.
*Distance can not be used in lieu of time for intermediate departures.
Distance separation standards light aircraft:
to Medium : 5nm
to Heavy: 6nm
to Super: 8nm
