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Chemistry > Technical Key Terms > Flashcards

Technical Key Terms Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Precipitate

A

Insoluble solid formed form a reaction taking place in an aqueous solution

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2
Q

Reversible reaction

A

A reaction that can take place in both directions

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3
Q

Heat energy change

A

Q = MCT

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4
Q

Molar enthalpy change of reaction

A

Heat energy change at constant pressure in Kj per mole

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5
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Reaction that takes in heat energy from surroundings <H is positive and it feels cold to touch

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6
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Reaction that gives out heat energy to surroundings <H is negative and feel warm to touch

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7
Q

Thermal decomposition

A

Breaking down by the action of heat

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8
Q

Mole

A

Unit for amount of substance, one mole contains 6x10^23 particles of the substance

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9
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to one twelfth the mass of carbon-12

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10
Q

Relative formula mass

A

Sum of relative atomic masses of all the atoms present in the formula of a substance

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11
Q

Empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ration of atoms in a compound

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12
Q

Molecular formula

A

Actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance

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13
Q

Rate of reaction

A

The change in a concentration of a reactant over time

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14
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur

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15
Q

Collision theory

A

For a reaction to occur the particles must collide in the correct orientation and must have enough energy to overcome the activation energy for the reaction the more successful collisions there are per second the higher the rate of reaction

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16
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of reaction but its chemically unchanged at the end of a reaction. A catalyst works by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy

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17
Q

Concentration of a solution

A

This tell us the amount of solute dissolved in a given volume

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18
Q

Dilution

A

The addition of more solvent to a solution to decrease the concentration of solute

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19
Q

Surface area

A

A property of solids which describes the area of the solid that is in contact with the surroundings. The SA of a particular mass of solid is increased by crushing the solid into smaller pieces

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20
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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21
Q

Homologous series

A

A group of organic compounds with the same general formula and whose members differ from the next by a CH2 group. Members of the same series have a trend in physical properties and similar chemical properties

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22
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different displayed structural formulae

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23
Q

Crude oil

A

A complex mixture of hydrocarbons

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24
Q

Fraction

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points

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25
Fuel
A substance which releases heat when burned
26
Complete combustion
Burning of fuels in a plentiful supply of oxygen
27
Incomplete combustion
Burning of fuels in a limited supply of oxygen
28
Carbon monoxide
A product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons which is toxic because it reduces the capacity of blood to carry oxygen
29
Alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon with the formula CnH2n+2
30
Saturated
A compound containing single bonds only
31
Thermal decomposition
Breaking down by the action of heat
32
Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom
33
Compound
A substance made up of more than one type of atom chemically bonded together
34
Mixture
Different types of particles in the same physical space but not chemically joined
35
Solvent
The liquid in which the solute dissolves in to form a solution
36
Solute
The substance which dissolves in the solvent to form a solution
37
Solution
The mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
38
Saturated solution
A solution in which no More of a particular solute will dissolve in a solvent at that particular temperature
39
Rf value
Distance moved by the pot of dye / distance moved by the solvent front
40
Delocalised electrons
Electrons that are not situated on one atom but are free to move through the structure
41
Ductile
Ability to be drawn into wires
42
Malleable
To be able to be flexible and shaped
43
Ionic bonding
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
44
Covalent bonding
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and a shared positive nuclei
45
Molecule
A fixed number of atoms joined together by covalent bonds
46
Concentration
Number of particles in a particular volume
47
Diffusion
The spreading out of particles from where they are at a high concentration to where they are at a low concentration
48
Groups
Vertical columns
49
Periods
Horizontal rows
50
Redox reaction
A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously
51
Oxidation
The loss of electrons
52
Reduction
The gain of electrons
53
Acid
A substance that donates protons H+ when dissolved in water
54
Alkali
A base that dissolves into water to form hydroxide OH- ions
55
Base
A substance that neutralises and acid to form a salt
56
Indicator
A substance used to show if a solution is an acid or alkali it will have a different colour in each type of solution
57
Neutralisation
A reaction between an acid and base to produce a salt and water
58
Neutral substance
A substance with ph 7
59
Salt
A substance formed when the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by either metal ions or ammonium ions
60
Atom
The smallest part of an element which still behaves as that element
61
Atomic number
The number of protons in The nucleus of an atom
62
Mass number
The total number or protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
63
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers their nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
64
Unsaturated
A compound containing one or more double bonds
65
Alkene
Unsaturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n
66
Biodegradable
A substance which can be broken down by microorganisms. Addition polymers tend to be non-biodegradable because they are inert
67
Monomer
A small molecule that joins together with many other small molecules to form one very large polymer
68
Polymer
A very large molecule formed by the joining of many small monomers together
69
Repeating unit
A structure that I replaced many times in the overall structure of the polymer
70
Displacement reaction
A reaction in which one substance replaces another for example a more reactive metal will replace a less reactive metal in its compound
71
Rusting
A chemical reaction between iron oxygen and water in which rust is formed
72
Rust
Hydrated iron lll oxide
73
Galvanising
Coating iron with a layer of zinc to prevent the iron from rusting
74
Sacrificial protection
Process of attaching a more reactive metal to iron to prevent it from rusting usually on the hull of a ship
75
Oxidising agent
A substance which gains electrons and causes another substance to be oxidised
76
Reducing agent
A substance that looses electrons and causes another substance to be reduced

Chemistry (2 decks)

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