Technical Principles Flashcards

Question

Biodegradable polymers to know

Answer 1

Corn starch polymers Potatopak Biopol PLA PHA

Answer 2

Carbon fibre - Bike frames GRP - Kayak Tungsten carbide - Drill bits Aluminium composite board Concrete Reinforced concrete Fibre cement - suspended floors Engineered wood - beams

Answer 3

Shape memory alloys - airplane wing flaps Thermochromic Phosphorescent - glow in the dark Photochromic - light Electroluminescent - glows in current Piezoelectric - electrical charge when deformed

Answer 4

Kevlar - body armour Precious metal clay - jewellery High density modelling foam - 3d modelling Polymorph - handles

Answer 5

Pigments Antistatics Flame retardants Plasticisers Fillers - provide bulk/foundation UV stabilisers - prevents breakdown in sunlight Bio-batch materials - reduce degradation time

Answer 6

Resin - chipboard using urea formaldehyde

Answer 7

Work hardening Annealing - Case hardening - Harden surface of steels with less than 0.4% carbon. produces a steel with an outer casing whilst the inside remains soft. 2 stages: Carburising (changes chemical composition to absorb more carbon), Quenching (hot metal quenched in water) Hardening and tempering - heating MCS and HCS to alter crystal structure and make it harder. Rapidly cooling then heating again to remove excess hardening

Answer 8

Die cutting Laser cutting Creasing Bending

Answer 9

Vacuum forming Thermoforming Calendaring Line bending Laminating Injection moulding Blow moulding Rotational moulding Extrusion Compression moulding

Answer 10

Press forming Spinning Cupping Deep drawing Forging Drop forging Bending Rolling Casting (sand, die, investment, low temp)

Answer 11

MIG welding TIG welding Spot welding Oxy-acetylene welding Soldering Brazing Riveting Screws

Answer 12

Milling Turning Flame cutting Plasma cutting Laser cutting Punching/stamping

Answer 13

Dovetail Comb Housing Half-lap Dowel Mortise and tenon Screws KD fittings

Answer 14

Laminating Steam bending Routing Milling Turning

Answer 15

Laminating Embossing Debossing Varnishing Foil blocking Screen printing Digital printing

Answer 16

Acrylic spray paint Gel coats Smart pigments

Answer 17

Paints Electroplating Dip coating Powder coating Galvanising Sealants Anodising

Answer 18

Varnish Paint Wax Oil

Answer 19

One-off/bespoke Batch Mass Unit production systems - UPS Quick response manufacturing - QRM Vertical in house JIT

Answer 20

JIT Modular Quick response Flexible

Answer 21

Computer aided design Digital design involves using computer-aided design (CAD) software to develop product designs. CAD allows for precision and accuracy, reducing mistakes when compared to traditional hand-drawn designs. This process offers an array of possibilities for prototyping, testing, and improving designs virtually, before moving to production. It allows designers to visualise the product in 3D format, provide detailed measurements, and make amendments swiftly when needed.

Answer 22

The digital manufacture part of the process involves applying computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. CAM uses CAD files to control manufacturing machinery in producing components or complete products. This could involve processes like CNC machining, 3D Printing, laser cutting or robotic assembly. The alignment of digital design with digital manufacture ensures consistent quality and accuracy, even for complex designs.

Answer 23

Laser cutting Routing Milling Turning

Answer 24

This methodology plays a critical role in industries such as engineering, fashion, automotive design and construction. It allows for rapid prototyping which significantly minimises the time between the design phase and the manufacture of the prototype. It also enables mass customisation, where individually customised goods can be produced with the same efficiency as mass production.

Answer 25

The benefits of this methodology include reduced material waste, increased accuracy, and the ability to iterate designs quickly. However, potential limitations might include reliance on technology, as the entire process stalls if there is a system malfunction, and prohibitive costs of initial setup for small businesses. Additionally, the effectiveness relies heavily on up-to-date training and skills of the technical personnel operating these systems.

Answer 26

Simulation Computational fluid dynamics Finite element analysis

Answer 27

Rapid prototyping is a technique that allows for the quick creation of physical models of a product or design, often using 3D printing. It's an iterative process where designers can rapidly create, test, and refine prototypes based on feedback, leading to a more efficient and cost-effective product development cycle.

Answer 28

Faster time to market, reduced costs, improved design flexibility, and enhanced collaboration Initial costs, limited material options, and potential for reduced material properties compared to the final product

Answer 29

Used for marketing, research etc

Answer 30

A strategy that manages all aspects of the manufacturing process, from ordering materials to delivering goods. It ensures that production meets customer demands, optimizes resource utilization, and reduces lead times. PPC involves planning activities like routing, scheduling, and controlling the flow of materials and work through the production facility.

Answer 31

Employer Duties: Requires employers to take reasonable steps to protect the health and safety of all employees, including those who are not their regular employees but are present on their premises (e.g., clients, visitors). Duty to others: Employers must also ensure that their work activities do not expose others to risks of harm. "Reasonably Practicable" Standard: The Act emphasizes that employers must take steps that are "reasonably practicable" to ensure safety, not necessarily every possible measure. Risk Assessments: Conducting thorough risk assessments to identify potential hazards and implement necessary control measures. Enforcement: The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is responsible for enforcing the Act and can take enforcement action against employers who fail to comply. Employee Responsibilities: Places duties on employees, including a duty to cooperate with their employer in implementing safety measures and to follow safe working practices. Welfare: Beyond safety, the Act also includes provisions for the welfare of employees, such as providing appropriate facilities for rest, washing, and drinking.

Answer 32

Control of substances Hazardous to health Risk Assessment: Employers must assess the risks associated with hazardous substances, including those arising from storage, handling, and disposal. Exposure Control: Employers must either prevent exposure to hazardous substances or, if prevention is not reasonably practicable, adequately control it to prevent ill health. Information and Training: Employers must provide employees with suitable information, instruction, and training about the risks, control measures, and safe working practices. Hierarchy of Control: The regulations emphasize using the hierarchy of control, starting with eliminating the hazard, then substituting with a less hazardous substance, followed by engineering controls, administrative controls, and finally, personal protective equipment (PPE). Application: The regulations apply to virtually all substances hazardous to health, with some exceptions, including asbestos, lead, and substances hazardous only due to their physical properties (e.g., radioactive, explosive, flammable).

Answer 33

A risk assessment in product design is a process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating potential risks associated with a product's design and development. It aims to proactively identify hazards and implement mitigation strategies to minimize harm to users and the organization. This process helps to ensure the product is safe, reliable, and meets the needs of its intended users.

Answer 34

The Consumer Rights Act 2015 is a UK law that protects consumers from unfair terms in contracts, faulty goods, and unsatisfactory services. It also covers digital content. The Act came into effect on October 1, 2015, and consolidates previous laws, making them clearer and easier to understand. It outlines the rights of consumers when buying goods, digital content, and services, and provides remedies for when those rights are breached.

Answer 35

A UK law that primarily governs business-to-business (B2B) sales of goods. It sets out implied terms within contracts for the sale of goods, ensuring that goods are of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose, and as described.

Answer 36

British Standards Institute BSI produces technical standards on a wide range of products and services and also supplies standards certification services for business and personnel.

Answer 37

A consumer symbol developed by the British Toy & Hobby Association (BTHA) to indicate that a toy is safe and meets high quality standards

Answer 38

Copyright: It is an automatic right which occurs as soon as an original work is created. It is used to protect literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works. Design Rights: Design Rights protect the shape of a product or the graphics applied to it.

Answer 39

Patents: Patents protect new inventions and cover how things work, what they do, how they do it, what they are made of and how they are made.

Answer 40

Trademarks: A trademark is a sign which distinguishes the goods or services of one business from those of others. It could be words, logos or a combination of both.

Answer 41

Making design documentation and information freely available to the public, fostering collaboration and co-creation Free and Public Access: Design information is made available to anyone, typically online, without any restrictions or licensing fees. Collaborative Development: Open design fosters a collaborative environment where individuals can contribute ideas, suggestions, and modifications to the design. Community Involvement: It involves a broader community of users, designers, and enthusiasts who contribute to the product's development. Source Code/Documentation: Similar to open-source software, open design makes the "source" of the design (e.g., CAD files, instructions, specifications) publicly accessible, allowing for modifications and re-use. Re-use and Modification: Anyone can use, adapt, and modify the open design for their own purposes, even commercially, as long as they respect the licensing terms.

Answer 42

Faster Innovation: Open design can accelerate innovation by leveraging the knowledge and ideas of a wider community. Improved Products: Feedback and contributions from various stakeholders can lead to better, more user-centric designs. Cost Reduction: Open design can reduce development costs by leveraging community resources and potentially eliminating the need for expensive proprietary design processes. Increased Access: Open design can make products more accessible to a wider range of users, including those with limited resources.

Answer 43

Repair Reuse Recycle Reduce Rethink - is it needed Refuse - refuse if not needed

Answer 44

Temporary fixings Standardised parts Allowing replacement Software upgrade

Answer 45

Ribs and webbing to reduce thickness Snapfitting to avoid adhesives Self tapping screws Pre made components Standardised sizes Adding texture within moulding process

Answer 46

Products should be designed for disassembly implified Connections: Using standardized, reversible fasteners like screws, nuts, and bolts instead of adhesives, welds, or other irreversible methods. Material Minimization: Reducing the number of different materials used in a product to make sorting and recycling easier. Modular Design: Designing products with interchangeable, reusable components that can be easily replaced or repurposed. Clear Labeling: Marking components with their material type to facilitate identification and sorting during disassembly. User-Friendly Disassembly: Designing products that can be taken apart using common tools and with minimal special equipment. Consideration of Entire Product Life Cycle: Thinking about the end-of-life implications of a product throughout the design process, not just at the end.

Answer 47

A comprehensive analysis that assesses the practicality and potential success of a proposed product or system before it's developed. It helps determine if a project is worth the investment by examining various aspects like technical, economic, and legal feasibility.

Answer 48

Customer identification Labelling Packaging Global marketing - like social media Product costing Role of entrepreneurs

Answer 49

Report writing Graphs Media

Technical Principles Flashcards

Materials, Manufacture, H&S, Design processes (73 cards)