Techniques, Roles, & Principles Flashcards
(4 cards)
In one study, engineering students who prepared for
an exam by using toothpicks and string did no worse
than similar students who prepared by using an
expensive computer with sophisticated graphics. In
another study, military personnel who trained on a
costly high-tech simulator performed no better on a
practical exam than did similar personnel who
trained using an inexpensive cardboard model. So
one should not always purchase technologically
advanced educational tools.
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning above?
(A) One should use different educational tools to
teach engineering to civilians than are used to
train military personnel.
(B) High-tech solutions to modern problems are
ineffective unless implemented by
knowledgeable personnel.
(C) Spending large sums of money on educational
tools is at least as justified for nonmilitary
training as it is for military training.
(D) One should not invest in expensive teaching
aids unless there are no other tools that are
less expensive and at least as effective.
(E) One should always provide students with a
variety of educational materials so that each
student can find the materials that best suit
that student’s learning style.
(D) One should not invest in expensive teaching
aids unless there are no other tools that are
less expensive and at least as effective.
The best way to write a good detective story is to
work backward from the crime. The writer should
first decide what the crime is and who the
perpetrator is, and then come up with the
circumstances and clues based on those decisions.
Which one of the following illustrates a principle most similar to that illustrated by the passage?
(A) When planning a trip, some people first decide
where they want to go and then plan
accordingly, but, for most of us, much
financial planning must be done before we
can choose where we are going.
(B) In planting a vegetable garden, you should
prepare the soil first, and then decide what
kinds of vegetables to plant.
(C) Good architects do not extemporaneously
construct their plans in the course of an
afternoon; an architectural design cannot be
divorced from the method of constructing the
building.
(D) In solving mathematical problems, the best
method is to try out as many strategies as
possible in the time allotted. This is
particularly effective if the number of
possible strategies is fairly small.
(E) To make a great tennis shot, you should
visualize where you want the shot to go. Then
you can determine the position you need to
be in to execute the shot properly
(E) To make a great tennis shot, you should
visualize where you want the shot to go. Then
you can determine the position you need to
be in to execute the shot properly
Critic: Although some people claim it is
inconsistent to support freedom of speech and
also support legislation limiting the amount of
violence in TV programs, it is not. We can
limit TV program content because the damage
done by violent programs is more harmful
than the decrease in freedom of speech that
would result from the limitations envisioned
by the legislation.
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the critic’s reasoning?
(A) In evaluating legislation that would impinge
on a basic freedom, we should consider the
consequences of not passing the legislation.
(B) One can support freedom of speech while at
the same time recognizing that it can
sometimes be overridden by other interests.
(C) When facing a choice between restricting
freedom of speech or not, we must decide
based on what would make the greatest
number of people the happiest.
(D) If the exercise of a basic freedom leads to some
harm, then the exercise of that freedom
should be restricted.
(E) In some circumstances, we should tolerate
regulations that impinge on a basic freedom.
(B) One can support freedom of speech while at
the same time recognizing that it can
sometimes be overridden by other interests.
