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Technological System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a technological system?

A

A set of parts, mechanisms, devices, or machines that are assembled to accomplish a specific function

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2
Q

In order to understand technological system, so we must understand: (3)

A

-effects of forces on materials
-Basic mechanical functions
-Complex mechanical functions

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3
Q

Mechanical constraints describe

A

The effect produced within a material when it is subjected to external forces

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4
Q

What are the main forces (5)

A
  • Flexion (bending)
  • Tension
  • Compression
  • Shearing
  • Torsion
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5
Q

What is flexion?

A

Force that bends an object or materials

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6
Q

What’s tension?

A

Force that tends to stretch an object or materials or distance two parts

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7
Q

What’s compression?

A

Force that compresses or crushes an object or materials or brings two objects closer together

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8
Q

Shearing

A

Forces that cuts or tears an object or materials

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9
Q

Torsion

A

Force that twists an object or materials

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10
Q

The effects on materials (2)

A

Materials can only resist mechanical contraints (force) a certain amount before being deformed.

IF a force does to cause sone form of deformation, it may cause movement instead

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11
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

Temporary deformation, material returns to its original shape after the force is removed

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12
Q

What is plastic deformation?

A

Deformation remains after force removed

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13
Q

What is fracture deformation?

A

Break or rupture in material

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14
Q

Mechanical properties (2)

A

A mechanical property determines how much a material will react when subjected to one or more mechanical constraints

Choose materials based on their ability to react to different forces by resisting deformation (elastic or plastically)

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15
Q

Resisting deformation (2 & define)

A

Hardness: Resists being scratched penetrated or deformed
Ex: ceramic floors are hard

Compressive strength/stiffness: resists being compressed
Ex: Concrete resists deformation

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16
Q

Reacting by Elastic deformation

A

Tensile strength/rigidity: resists tension without becoming permanently deformed

Elasticity: Regains its initial shape after being subject to a force
Ex: polychloroprene (neoprene) is a stretchy material that shapes to the person that wears it

Resilience (usually compression): resists physical impacts (resists being permanently deformed) by absorbing shocks and forces
Ex: car bumpers are resilient, they allow cars to withstand impacts

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17
Q

Reacting by plastic deformation

A

Ductility: stretches without breaking
Ex: Copper is very ductile - it can be stretched to make wires

Malleability: flattens if bends to hold a new shape without breaking
Ex: aluminium is malleable enough to be flattened into sheets

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18
Q

Types of deformation

A
  • Elastic
  • Plastic
  • Fracture
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19
Q

Types of motion:

A
  • Unidirectional translation
  • Bidirectional translation
  • Unidirectional rotation
  • Bidirectional rotation
  • Unidirectional helical motion
  • Bidirectional helical motion
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20
Q

Translational motion

A

Motion describing a rectilinear trajectory in a same direction

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21
Q

Rotational motion

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A

Motion describing a circular trajectory

22
Q

Helical motion

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A

Motion describing a spiral trajectory

23
Q

What is a mechanical function?

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A

The role played by a mechanism inside a more or less complex technical object

24
Q

What is a link?

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A

A basic mechanical function which two or more parts are connected together

25
What is guiding control?
A basic mechanical function which one or more parts allow an object to move in a certain way (rotational, translational or both)
26
Types of links
Must be 4: Direct or indirect Removable or non-removable Rigid or elastic Complete or partial
27
Direct vs indirect
Direct: A connection without an intermediate or link mechanism. The parts have complementary pieces Indirect: A link which requires one or more intermediate mechanisms for example nails, a screw or glue
28
Removable vs non-removable
Removable: this link can be used to separate the parts without damaging the link surface or parts Non-removable: this link does not allow the connected parts to be separated without damaging them or the link mechanism
29
Rigid vs elastic
Rigid: this link does not allow the position of the assembled parts to be changed Elastic: this link allows the parts to be deformed. Usually use springs or rubber blocks
30
Complete vs partial
Complete: this link does not allow the parts to move independently of each other. If one part moves the other will make the same motion Partial: this link allows the connected parts to move independently of each other
31
Rotational guide (2)
Only allows the rotation of moving parts Cylindrical parts are best suited for this type of motion Ex: hinges on a door
32
Translational guide (2)
Only allows the translational movement of moving parts Straight grooved parts are best suited for this motion
33
Helical guide (2)
Enables parts to nove in a translational manner when these parts are rotated Threaded parts are best suited for this type of motion
34
Complex mechanical function
When a system’s role is t transfer a motion inside a technical object: consists of motion transformation or transmission
35
Components of a system
Driver: root of system’s motion, receives the power and gives the motion Driven component: the part that receives the motion and transmit it Intermediate: the part in between driver and driven, connector
36
What’s a motion transmission?
A transfer of motion through parts WITHOUT changing the type of motion
37
The different types of system for motion transmission
- friction gears - gear train - belt and pulley - chain and sprocket - worm and worm gears
38
Friction gear system (3)
- Rotational motion being transmitted by friction between two or more gears - Must be touching = no intermediate - No teeth and move in opposite direction
39
Belt and pulley system (4)
-Rotational motion between two or more pulleys -Transmitted by a belt (intermediate) - inside belt, travel same direction (vice versa) - needs sufficient adhesion which can be improved with notches or grooves
40
Speed changes in gears and pulleys systems
*bigger to smaller = increase and vice versa*
41
Gear trains (2)
-Rotational motion transmitted between two or more gears due to their teeth -Gears in contact rotate in opposite directions
42
Chain and sprocket (3)
- Rotational motion transmitted between two or more sprockets - Linked by a chain (intermediate) - Same direction inside the chain (vice versa)
43
Worm and worm gears
- Use when a large reduction in rotational speed required - threaded worm (driver) contact toothed gear (driven) - 1 rotation = 1 tooth
44
Reversibility (2)
A reversible system is when the driver component becomes the driving component Motion transmission = change in speed (all except worm and worm gears)
45
Motion transformation
A transfer of motion while CHANGING the type of motion
46
Slider and crank
- Reversible - Transforms rotational to translational or vice versa Ex: engine, pump Components: - Crank = rotationally - Piston (slider) = translationally - Rod = intermediate
47
Cam and follower
- non-reversible - Transforms rotational to translational Components: - Irregular shaped disc (cam/driver) rotates - Rod (follower/driven) press
48
Rack and pinion
- Reversible - Transforms rotational motion into translational motion (vice versa) Ex: steering system, stage adjustment knobs Components: - straight rod or rack with the teeth which moves translationally - gear with teeth (rotationally)
49
Screw gear system
- Transforms rotational motion to translational motion - Non-reversible Components: - nut and screw
50
Design Plan
- Simplified representation of a technical object - different colour for different materials Includes: - the names of the parts - the motions performed by the parts, expressed in symbols - the forces in actions, expressed in symbols

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