Technology

Question 1

What is an example of a technological development that led to big changes in human societies?

Answer 1

The transition from hunting and gathering to farming

This transition marked the beginning of agriculture and settled communities.

Question 2

What technological innovation allowed Mesopotamians to produce plentiful harvests?

Answer 2

Irrigation

Irrigation solved water problems and enabled farming in a challenging environment.

Question 3

What problems did the invention of irrigation create for Mesopotamians?

Answer 3

The need to protect grain stores and the need for tax collection

This led to the development of walls, armies, and writing.

Question 4

How did irrigation lead to the creation of a government in Mesopotamia?

Answer 4

By necessitating tax collection for maintenance of walls and armies

Writing was developed to keep track of taxes.

Question 5

What new fighting style emerged in Greece around 800 BCE due to technological advancements?

Answer 5

Hoplite warfare with iron tipped spears

This allowed poorer males to participate in military defense.

Question 6

What societal change did hoplite warfare contribute to in ancient Greece?

Answer 6

The emergence of democracy

This was due to increased participation of the demos (people) in military and civic life.

Question 7

What was the Pax Romana?

Answer 7

A period of peace and stability in the Roman Empire

It was characterized by relative tranquility and economic prosperity.

Question 8

How did Roman roads impact trade during the Pax Romana?

Answer 8

They facilitated safe transport of goods and ideas

Merchants and travelers used the roads for commerce and communication.

Question 9

What was the significance of the carruca in the late Middle Ages?

Answer 9

It was a heavy wheeled plow that improved agricultural efficiency

This plow allowed for more calories to be produced with less effort.

Question 10

What agricultural innovation accompanied the use of the carruca?

Answer 10

Three-field crop rotation

This method increased productivity and allowed for surplus food production.

Question 11

What were the consequences of increased agricultural productivity in the late Middle Ages?

Answer 11

Population growth, larger towns, and specialized workers

This led to more trade and the growth of cities.