Technology Exam 2 Flashcards
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Continuous monitioring of a patients (Curve)
Capnography
Device that performs the measurement and display readings
Capnometer
Measurement and numerical display (35-45)
Capnometry (This term encompasses all means of measuring carbon dioxide).
The purpose of all types of anesthesia breathing circuits
- Delivery of oxygen and anesthestic
- Elimination of carbon dioxide
How is CO2 eliminated from the breathing circuit?
By washout with adequate gas flow, or by absorption in CO2 absorbent granules.
Advantages of rebreathing
- Cost reduction
- Increase in tracheal warmth and humidity
- Decrease in the potential for exposure of OR personnel to trace and waste gases
Higher FGF is associated with (more/less) rebreathing in both circle and Mapleson type circuits.
Higher FGF is associated with less rebreathing
Sampling of ETCO2 can be accomplished through two types of monitors. Whate are they called?
- Mainstream capnography (non diverting)
- Side stream capnography (diverting)
Where is the diverting (sidestream) capnography monitor located?
The diverting monitor extracts gas from sample tubing attached near the patient end of the circuit and pumps it to the monitor.
The sampling is conneted to a T-piece inserted at the ETT or anesthesia mask connector. A delay in response depends on the tubing length
True/False. A sidestream capnography is onlu used to measure CO2.
False. It cab be used to measure CO2 and anesthetic gases.
Is a mainstream or sidestream capnography more accurate?
Mainstream (Nondiverting)
Describe a mainstream capnography
- A cuvette containing the CO2 sensor is inserted between the breathing circuit and ETT.
- CO2 analysis is performed directly within the airway
Identify this type of capnometer
Mainstream (Nondiverting)
Identify this type of capnometry
Sidestream (Diverting)
What are colorimetric CO2 analyzers used for?
Used to confrim Co2 and ETT.
Mainly used outside the OR. They indicate the presence but not the amount of CO2.
This analysis uses each anethtic gas’s ability to absorb specific frequencies of EMR in the infrared spectrum.
Infrared absorption- Measures anesthetic gases, oxygen and CO2
In this gas analyis, Frequencies lost due to absorption are measured and the gas may be identified by the specific frequencies each gas absorbs.
Infrared absorption- Concentration is determined by the amount of infrared absorption.
This gas analyis Ionizes gas molecules and passes them through a magnetic field
Mass Spectrometry-Gas molecules with the lowest mass to charge ratio are easily deflected by the magnetic field and collected by an ion dectector
In this gas analysis, identification of a gas is based on the amount of deflection.
Mass Spectrometry
This gas analysis passes a monochromatic (one laser) laser beam through a gas mixture
Raman Scattering Analysis-Each anesthetic gas scatters laser frequencies uniquely
In this gas analyis, gas is identified by comparing the gas sample scattering spectrum to that of known gas spectrum.
Raman Scattering Analysis- The scattered frequencies measured in this spectral analysis are represented as Stroke lines.
This gas analysis requres only that a gas molecule be polyatomic for identifcation and returns the sample to the pateint circuit and therefore does not require waste gas scavenging.
Raman Scattering Analysis- pg. 222 (The bible)
This gas analyis has crystals that will vibrate at a set frequency when an electric current is applied to it. The amount gas dissovles into the crystal’s liquid coating and is directly related to the partial pressure of that gas.
Piezoelectric Gas Analysis
Does a piezoelectric gas analysis identify the specific agent?
No.
