Techtonic And Natural Hazards

Question 1

What’s the definition of a hazard

Answer 1

The event that has the potential to threaten life and property

Question 2

What’s a natural hazard

Answer 2

Something we cannot control

Question 3

What’s a human hazard

Answer 3

A hazard caused by humans

Question 4

What’s an atmospheric hazard

Answer 4

Weather hazards such as hurricanes

Question 5

What’s a geomorphological hazard

Answer 5

Hazards that occur on the earths suface

Question 6

What’s a biological hazard

Answer 6

A hazard that involves living organisms such as forest fires

Question 7

What’s a choropleth

Answer 7

A map that uses colour to show data

Question 8

What are the most extreme places

Answer 8

High population, equator and ring of fire

Question 9

Why is the magnitude and frequency of natural hazards increasing

Answer 9

Human influences, global warming, deforestation and urbanisation

Question 10

What’s a plate boundary

Answer 10

Where two plates meet

Question 11

What will you find distributed on plate boundarys

Answer 11

Volcanoes and earthquakes

Question 12

How can plates move

Answer 12

Towards, away and side to side from each other

Question 13

What does a constructive boundaries do

Answer 13

Makes land and has volcanoes

Question 14

What does a conservative plate boundary do

Answer 14

Protects land and has earthquakes

Question 15

What does a destructive-subduction plate boundary have

Answer 15

Earthquakes and volcanoes, also has a risk of Tsunamis

Question 16

What does a destructive-collision plate boundary have

Answer 16

Mountains and earthquakes

Question 17

What type of plates are on a constructive Plate boundary

Answer 17

Oceanic

Question 18

Which way are the oceanic plates moving on the constructive Plate boundary

Answer 18

Opposite directions

Question 19

What creates land

Answer 19

Underwater volcano

Question 20

What are the different types of volcanoes

Answer 20

Shield and composite

Question 21

At the Destructive-S Plate boundary, what are the different plates

Answer 21

Oceanic and continental

Question 22

Which way do the destructive-S plate boundaries move

Answer 22

Towards each other

Question 23

What are the types of plates at the conservative Plate boundary

Answer 23

Both continental

Question 24

What is built up at a conservative Plate boundary

Answer 24

Potential elastic energy

Question 25

What are the conservative Plate boundaries

Answer 25

Dangerous but easy to predict

Question 26

What happens at a collision Plate boundary

Answer 26

Two continental plate boundaries are moving towards each other

Question 27

What does the collision Plate boundary produce

Answer 27

Foal mountains and earthquakes

Question 28

Where is Montserrat

Answer 28

Caribbean island, subductive soufriere hills

Question 29

Who evacuated the island

Answer 29

Half of the population

Question 30

Where is the exclusion zone on Montserrat

Answer 30

South

Question 31

What were the primary effects

Answer 31

2/3 of the island covered in ash, forest fires caused by pyroclastic flow

Question 32

What were the secondary effects

Answer 32

Harsh living conditions, port and airport closed

Question 33

What are the types of volcano management

Answer 33

Monitoring, prediction, protection and planning

Question 34

Name some monitoring techniques

Answer 34

Seismicity, hydrology( lake nyos ) geophysical measurement

Question 35

How can you plan for an eruption

Answer 35

Create exclusion zone, evacuation plan, food, funds

Question 36

Where does air rise

Answer 36

At the equator

Question 37

What effect does this have on the equator

Answer 37

Low pressure and rainfall

Question 38

Where does air fall

Answer 38

The poles as it’s cold

Question 39

What effect does this have on the poles

Answer 39

High pressure and dry conditions

Question 40

Where are these conditions located compared to the equator

Answer 40

30° north and south

Question 41

Where does air rise again compared to the equator

Answer 41

60° north and south

Question 42

Finally where does it descend again compared to the equator

Answer 42

90° north and south

Question 43

Explain the location of the cells

Answer 43

Hadley cell at 30° Ferrel cell at 60° Polar cell at 90°

Question 44

Describe a tropical storm

Answer 44

A very powerful, low pressure weather system which results in stormy winds and heavy rainfall

Question 45

Name three other names for tropical storms

Answer 45

Cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons

Question 46

What causes a tropical storm to spin

Answer 46

The Coriolis force caused by the rotation of the earth

Question 47

Which way does the air flow inside the eye

Answer 47

It descends

Question 48

What surrounds the eye and what causes this

Answer 48

Cumulonimbus clouds surround the eye and they are caused by warm moist air condensing as it rises

Question 49

How do tropical storms develop

Answer 49

Between 5° and 30° latitude Initially move westward due to easterly winds 27°c minimum water temp Quick draw of air causes strong winds

Question 50

Why do tropical storms lose energy when they reach land

Answer 50

Because they are no longer receiving heat energy and moisture from the ocean which is needed to drive the storm

Question 51

Why can global warming cause more places to get tropical storms

Answer 51

Because the oceans are getting heated nearer to 27°c

Question 52

What is the focus of an earthquake

Answer 52

The point inside the earths crust where the earthquake originates

Question 53

Where are the seismic waves the most powerful

Answer 53

At the epicentre

Question 54

What is the epicentre

Answer 54

The point on the earths surface directly above the focus

Question 55

How are earthquakes measured

Answer 55

On the Richter scale using seismometers

Question 56

What does the effect of an earthquake depend upon

Answer 56

``` It’s size Level of development Depth of focus/distance from epicentre Population density Time of day ```

Question 57

What is the magma chamber

Answer 57

Where molten rock is stored beneath the ground

Question 58

What is the main vent

Answer 58

The channel in which magma travels through to rea h the earths surface

Question 59

What is the secondary vent

Answer 59

Where magma escapes through the side of the volcano if the main vent becomes blocked

Question 60

What do volcanoes produce

Answer 60

Ash, lava, volcanic bombs, pyroclastic flows and lahars

Question 61

Name three positive effects of volcanoes

Answer 61

Geothermal energy can be used where magma lies close to the surface Ash is good soil fertiliser Volcanoes attract tourists

Question 62

Name three negative effects of volcanoes

Answer 62

Dangerous and can kill people and property Disrupts economic activity as businesses find it hard to operate after eruption Habitats are damaged by lava flows

Question 63

Where are composite volcanoes found

Answer 63

At destructive plate boundaries

Question 64

Name 4 characteristics of composite volcanoes

Answer 64

Acidic viscous lava Steep sides with alternate layers of ash and lava Violent eruptions Longer periods of rest between eruptions

Question 65

Where are shield volcanoes found

Answer 65

Constructive plate margins

Question 66

Name 5 characteristics of shield volcanoes

Answer 66

``` Basic lava, runny Gentle sides as lava doesn’t solidify quickly No layers, just lava Less violent eruptions Shorter periods between eruptions ```

Question 67

What is used to monitor volcanoes

Answer 67

Seismometers, tiltmeters, previous eruptions and measuring temperature

Question 68

What do tiltmeters do

Answer 68

Monitor changes in landscape as volcanoes tend to swell before they erupt

Question 69

Why do people live near volcanoes

Answer 69

Fertile ground for a higher crop yield Tourism is high so it increases local economy Geothermal energy for cheaper electricity Minerals such as diamonds can be mined to make money