Techtonic Hazards

Question 1

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 1

A physical process or event that has the potential to cause loss of life or damage to property

Question 2

Why do we study natural hazards ?

Answer 2

Need to learn about them so we can predict when they might happen .

Question 3

Where are tectonic hazards found ?

Answer 3

Found on plate boundaries. E.g. Around pacific plate boundary. ‘Ring of fire’ as. There are so many volcanoes.

Question 4

What is an earthquake ?

Answer 4

A large rippling of the earths crust .

Question 5

What is the focus ?

Answer 5

Where the ‘snap’ happens under the surface.

Question 6

What is an epicentre ?

Answer 6

Directly above the focus, on the earths crust.

Question 7

What are seismic waves ?

Answer 7

Ripples where the crust snaps.

Question 8

What is a volcano ?

Answer 8

A hole in the earths crust where ash and rock bursts out due to extremely high pressure.

Question 9

What are the two types of volcanoes ?

Answer 9

Composite and shield.

Question 10

Describe a composite volcano.

Answer 10

Is conical and has rough edges and steep sides.

Question 11

Describe a shield volcano.

Answer 11

Have a gentle yet rugged slope with no clear shape.

Question 12

Composite volcanoes have very ………….. eruptions.

Answer 12

Large

Question 13

Shield volcanoes erupt very ………….. .

Answer 13

Frequently

Question 14

What is a destructive plate boundary ?

Answer 14

When a continental and oceanic plate move towards each other. The oceanic plate is denser so it is forced underneath the continental plate. Friction causes melting of the oceanic plate and may cause earthquakes.

Question 15

What is a constructive plate boundary ?

Answer 15

Volcanoes produce magma causing plates to move apart. When the magma dolls new land can be formed.

Question 16

What is a collision plate boundary ?

Answer 16

This is when two continental plates collide. Both plates are forced upwards forming mountains.

Question 17

What is the main vent ?

Answer 17

Where magma erupts out of the volcano.

Question 18

What is magma ?

Answer 18

Hot orange liquid inside the volcano.

Question 19

What is lava ?

Answer 19

Surfaced magma.

Question 20

What is a volcanic plug ?

Answer 20

Cooled down magma and rock blocking the main vent.

Question 21

What are pyroclatsics ?

Answer 21

Huge boulders that have erupted out of the volcano

Question 22

What is nuee ordente ?

Answer 22

An eruption of rocks and gases.

Question 23

What’s a conservative plate boundary ?

Answer 23

When plates slide past each other. The edges of the plates are not smooth and can lock together causing pressure. This eventually causes an earthquake.

Question 24

What causes earthquakes and volcanoes ?

Answer 24

Convection currents in the mantle cause plates to move. This then causes earthquakes and volcanoes.

Question 25

What causes composite volcanoes ?

Answer 25

Destructive plate margin.

Question 26

What causes shield volcanoes ?

Answer 26

Constructive plate margins.

Question 27

List benefits of living near a volcano.

Answer 27

Fertile soils, geothermal energy, attracting tourists and rare plants and animals.

Question 28

What are the hazards of living near a volcano ?

Answer 28

Lava flows, ash clouds and high altitudes.

Question 29

How can the risk of volcanoes be reduced ?

Answer 29

Monitoring, predicting, protection and planning.

Question 30

What are the immediate hazards of an earthquake ?

Answer 30

Fires, traffic and rail accidents, collapsing buildings, falling masonry and mass movements.

Question 31

What are long term hazards of earthquakes ?

Answer 31

Lack of clean water, homelessness and shortage of medical aid.

Question 32

What is the Richter scale ?

Answer 32

The Richter scale measures how much energy is being released in an earthquake.

Question 33

What is the mescaline scale ?

Answer 33

Shows the impact on people in daily life situations. E.g. Bell ringing by themselves. Goes from 1-12. From slight vibrations to total destruction.

Question 34

Describe physical factors of the Haiti earthquake 2010.

Answer 34

Haiti is right on the edge of the Caribbean plate meaning that it is at high risk from earthquakes. The focus of this earthquake was not very far down and the epicentre was vey close to the main city in Haiti .

Question 35

Describe human factors of the Haiti earthquake 2010.

Answer 35

People in haiti are extremely poor so the homes and property were not very developed. The relief of the land was very sloped meaning houses would collapse easily. Not many people had a job so when the earthquake hit no one had any money to do anything.

Question 36

What are NGO's ?

Answer 36

NGO's are non government organisations such as oxfam. They supply water and medical aid for the homeless.

Question 37

How did NGO's help in the Haiti earthquake ?

Answer 37

They supplied emergency aid and campus for the people of Haiti to live.

Question 38

How do richer countries deal with earthquakes ? For example Christchurch in New Zealand 2011.

Answer 38

Richer countries are more developed therefore they can easily regain property and build expensive anti earthquake buildings.

Question 39

How cash you get full marks ?

Answer 39

Develop points, use connectives, compare and back up answers using facts.