'Tectonic Hazards' Key Words

Question 1

Atmospheric Hazards

Answer 1

Natural hazards association with Earth’s atmosphere, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, wind, snow, drought, lightning and rain.

Question 2

Drought

Answer 2

A long continuous period of dry weather

Question 3

Earthquake

Answer 3

A sudden or violent movement within the Earth’s crust followed by a series of aftershocks.

Question 4

Fatalities

Answer 4

Deaths caused by disasters or accidents

Question 5

River flood

Answer 5

Where river discharge exceeds river Channel capacity and water spills onto the floodplain

Question 6

Geological hazards

Answer 6

Natural hazards associated with Earth’s geological processes such as volcanoes, landslides, mudflows, avalanches and earthquakes.

Question 7

Hazard risk

Answer 7

The probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place

Question 8

Landslides

Answer 8

The movement of rock, earth or debris down the slope of a hill

Question 9

Mudflow

Answer 9

When saturated soil and weak rock flow down a slope

Question 10

Natural disaster

Answer 10

When a natural event, or hazard impacts on human activities

Question 11

Natural hazard

Answer 11

A natural event that poses a threat to humans and/or property

Question 12

Poverty

Answer 12

Deprivation in well-being, such as lack of access to wealth, food, shelter, water and education

Question 13

Social effect

Answer 13

The effect of an event on the lives of people or community

Question 14

Economic effect

Answer 14

The effect of an event on the economy of a place

Question 15

Tropical storm (hurricane, cyclone, typhoon)

Answer 15

An area of low pressure with winds moving in spiral around a calm central point called the eye of the storm - winds are powerful and rainfall is heavy

Question 16

Tsunami

Answer 16

Huge waves caused by earthquakes

Question 17

Urbanisation

Answer 17

When an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities.

Question 18

Volcano

Answer 18

A large landform, typically conical in shape, formed by a series of volcanic eruptions over a long period of time

Question 19

Conservative plate margin

Answer 19

Two plates sliding alongside each other, in the same or different directions

Question 20

Constructive plate margin

Answer 20

Tectonic plate margin where rising magma adds new material to plates that are diverging or moving apart

Question 21

Continental crust

Answer 21

The low density, thick outer layer of Earth which forms our continents

Question 22

Convection currents

Answer 22

Circular movements of heat within the Earth which drive the movement of tectonic plates

Question 23

Destructive plate margin

Answer 23

Tectonic plate margin where two plates are converging and oceanic plate is subduction - there could be violent earthquakes and explosive volcanoes

Question 24

Ground deformation

Answer 24

Changes in the shape of volcanoes which is closely monitored to predict eruptions

Question 25

Immediate responses

Answer 25

Reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath

Question 26

Lava

Answer 26

Magma that has erupted from a volcano

Question 27

Long-term responses

Answer 27

Later reactions that occur weeks, months and years after the event

Question 28

Magma

Answer 28

Molten Rick beneath the Earth's surface

Question 29

Management strategies

Answer 29

Techniques of controlling, responding to, or dealing with an event.

Question 30

Mantle

Answer 30

A hot, dense layer of Earth found between the crust and core

Question 31

Monitoring

Answer 31

Recording physical changes i.e. detecting heat and shape changes of volcanoes using remote sensing, to help forecast when and where a natural hazard might strike.

Question 32

Oceanic crust

Answer 32

The dense, thin outer layer of Earth that lies underneath the ocean.

Question 33

Planning

Answer 33

Actions taken to allow communities to respond to and recover from natural disaster e.g. evacuation

Question 34

Plate margin

Answer 34

The border between two tectonic plates

Question 35

Prediction

Answer 35

Using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about when and where a hazard may happen

Question 36

Primary effects

Answer 36

Initial impact of a natural event on people and property, causes directly by it, i.e. the buildings collapsing following an earthquakes

Question 37

Remote sensing

Answer 37

Satellites detect heat and changes to a volcano's shape.

Question 38

Ridge Push and Slab Pull

Answer 38

The movement of tectonic plates due to the upwelling of magma at a margin (ridge push) and the pulling down of the plates at a plate margin (slab pull)

Question 39

Search and rescue

Answer 39

An immediate response to a disaster where people are removed from danger and aid is provided

Question 40

Secondary effects

Answer 40

After-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale, i.e. fires due to ruptured gas mains, resulting from the ground shaking

Question 41

Seismicity

Answer 41

The frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a certain area, recorded by seismographs

Question 42

Subduction

Answer 42

At a destructive margin, where the denser oceanic plate moves beneath the less dense continental plate.

Question 43

Tectonic hazard

Answer 43

Natural hazard caused by the movement of tectonic plates (i.e. volcanoes and earthquakes)

Question 44

Tectonic plate

Answer 44

Section of the Earth's crust about 100km thick

Question 45

Volcanic belt

Answer 45

Distributor pattern of volcanoes that follows plate margins