tectonic stuff

Question 1

asthenosphere

Answer 1

region of extremely high pressure beneath lithosphere. Rocks are deformed by enormous stresses. lies depth 100-350km

Question 2

compression

Answer 2

form of stress produced by action of equal and opposite forces. effect- reduce length of material

Question 3

continental drift

Answer 3

theory- earth’s continents once different then are today- landmasses were once all joined and then seperated to present locations

Question 4

convergence

Answer 4

tectonic process where plates move toward each other -associated with subduction, convergence typically occurs in ocean, creating oceanic trench- one of three ways plates interact

Question 5

core

Answer 5

centre of earth- 16% of volume- 23% of mass- made primarily iron and another lighter element- solid inner core radius 760 miles- liquid outer core 1,750 miles

Question 6

crust

Answer 6

uppermost division of solid earth- representing less than 1% volume + depth 5-60km- mantle is below

Question 7

divergence

Answer 7

tectonic process plates move away from each other- results in seperation of plates- associated with seafloor spreading or formation of rift valleys- one of three ways plates interact

Question 8

epeirogenesis

Answer 8

one of two principal forms of tectonism (other is orogenesis)- epeirogenesis takes form of either uplift of subsidence

Question 9

fault

Answer 9

an area fracturing between rocks resulting from stress

Question 10

fold

Answer 10

an area of rock that has been bent by stress

Question 11

geophysics

Answer 11

branch of earth sciences- combines aspects of geology and physics- addresses planet’s processes as well as its gravitational, magnetic, and electric properties, and means by which energy is transmitted through its interior.

Question 12

historical geology

Answer 12

study of earth’s physical history- one of two principal branches of geology- other being transmitted through its interior.

Question 13

Lithosphere

Answer 13

upper layer of Earth’s interior- including crust and brittle portion at top of mantle

Question 14

MA

Answer 14

abbreviation- means million years- e.g 160 Ma=160 million years

Question 15

mantle

Answer 15

thick dense layer of rock 2,300 km thick between earth’s crust and core