Tectonics Flashcards
(8 cards)
What is Degg’s Model?
Illustrates that a natural hazard becomes a disaster only when it affects a vulnerable population.
Emphasizes the intersection between a hazardous event and human vulnerability.
What does the Pressure and Release (PAR) Model explain?
Describes disasters as the result of two opposing forces:
Root causes (e.g., limited access to resources, political systems).
Dynamic pressures (e.g., rapid urbanization, deforestation).
Unsafe conditions (e.g., fragile physical environment, lack of preparedness).
Highlights how socio-economic and political factors contribute to vulnerability.
What is the Hazard Risk Equation?
Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability / Capacity to Cope
Suggests that risk increases with greater hazard magnitude and vulnerability, and decreases with better coping capacity.
What are the stages of the Hazard Management Cycle?
Mitigation: Actions to reduce or eliminate long-term risk.
Preparedness: Planning and training for emergency response.
Response: Immediate actions during and after a disaster.
Recovery: Long-term rebuilding and rehabilitation.
What does Park’s Disaster Response Curve illustrate?
Shows how a community’s quality of life changes over time following a disaster.
Phases include:
Pre-disaster: Normal conditions.
Disruption: Immediate impact.
Relief: Emergency response.
Rehabilitation: Temporary restoration.
Reconstruction: Permanent rebuilding.
What is a lahar?
A destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano, composed of volcanic ash and water.
What does the Moment Magnitude Scale measure?
Measures the total energy released by an earthquake, providing a more accurate assessment for large events.
What is the Volcanic Explosivity Index?
A scale from 0 to 8 that measures the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions based on volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations.
