Tectonics

Question 1

Describing the pattern of volcanoes and earthquakes

Answer 1

Plate boundaries, linear, anomalies (hot spots - middle of plates), happen along a coastline

Question 2

Convergent plate boundaries

Answer 2

1. oceanic + continental plate boundaries - move towards each other (Nazca oceanic plate + South America plate)
2. oceanic subduct (denser) - plates rub and cause high magnitude earthquakes and creates friction
3. oceanic crust melts due to the friction and the heat - turns it to magma
4. magma moves towards the surface - convection currents
5. violent eruption occurs on the surface

Question 3

Divergent plate boundaries

Answer 3

1. Mid-Atlantic ridge
2. Eurasian plate and the North American plate are moving away from each other
3. Gap - magma rises
4. Magma solidifies
5. Small volcanoes - creates small land (e.g. Iceland)

Question 4

Conservative plate boundaries

Answer 4

1. San Andreas fault line
2. North American plate + Pacific plate are moving past each other
3. jerking/ jointing movement
4. release of energy at focus causes earthquake
5. releases seismic waves

Question 5

Hotspots

Answer 5

1. occur mid-plate where magma rises to the surface causing a magma plume
2. magma rises as it is less dense than the surrounding mantel
3. causes the crust to dome - when the magma finds a weakness it erupts
4. has to repeat before a volcano is seen on the surface
5. e.g. Hawaii

Question 6

Three reason why people live near volacnoes

Answer 6

1. ash creates fertile soil which can be used to grow crops (Vesuvius - oranges)
2. minerals - diamonds, tin (Chile)
3. doesn’t happen often - good job so stay (Hawaii)

Question 7

Three reasons why people live near earthquakes

Answer 7

1. doesn’t happen often
2. earthquake proof houses so it’s safer (Los Angeles)
3. may not have money to move - LICs

Question 8

How to measure earthquakes

Answer 8

• Richter scale (magnitude)

- Mercalli scale (impact on people)

Question 9

Focus

Answer 9

where the rock gives way

Question 10

Epicenter

Answer 10

directly above the epicenter on the earths surface - where seismic waves are strongest

Question 11

Magnitude

Answer 11

energy released/strength of the earthquake

Question 12

Predicting earthquakes

Answer 12

1. 2.
   3.

Question 13

Predicting volcanoes

Answer 13

1.
2.
3.

Question 14

Building design for earthquakes

Answer 14

1.

2.

Question 15

Earthquake prevention

Answer 15

(Japan)

• drop, cover, hold
• disaster prevention day (1st of September)

Question 16

Volcano prevention

Answer 16

1.
2.
3.