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Tectonics Case Studies Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What was the date it happened?

A

22nd February 2011

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2
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Which plates were involved?

A

The Pacific and Indo-Australian plate

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3
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What was the magnitude?

A

6.3

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4
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Where was the epicentre?

A

2km west of Lyttelton and 10km west of Christchurch

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5
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Was Christchurch a aftershock?

A

Possibly an aftershock of the 7.1 magnitude earthquake in September 2010

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6
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

How many people were killed?

A

185

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7
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

How many people were injured?

A

3129

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8
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What is the estimated cost?

A

$40 billion

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9
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Define Liquefaction

A

Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading.

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10
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What percentage of the water and sewage system was damaged?

A

80%

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11
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

What financial problems did it cause?

A

1/3 of people in financial problems and tourism decreased

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12
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Why were the impacts so bad?

A
  • Epicentre closer to Christchurch than the original earthquake
  • Shallow focus 5km
  • Occured around lunchtime when the CBD was busy
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13
Q

Christchurch Earthquake
What were the short term responses?
(there are 4)

A
  • Rescue crews from Japan, US, UK and Australia
  • Australia gave $5million in aid
  • Government declared a state of emergency
  • Domestic help available (800 farmers)
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14
Q

Christchurch Earthquake

Long term responses?

A
  • Christchurch is divided into 4 zones dependant on whether it could be built on or not.
  • Government provided temporary housing
  • roads and houses cleared of silt from liquefaction
  • NGO recovery efforts e.g. save the children
  • water and sewage restored for all residents
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15
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Which two plates?

A

Caribbean and North American Plate

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16
Q

Haiti Earthquake

What type of plate margin?

A

Conservative margin

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17
Q

Haiti Earthquake

What was the date?

A

12th January 2010

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18
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Magnitude?

A

7

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19
Q

Haiti Earthquake

Epicentre?

A

25km west of Port-au-Prince

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20
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many people died?

21
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many people were affected?

22
Q

Haiti Earthquake

How many are made homeless?

23
Q

Haiti Earthquake

What happened to the hospitals?

24
Q

Haiti Earthquake
What were the economic impacts?
(there are 3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • businesses destroyed
  • damage to main clothing industry
  • airport/port damaged
25
Haiti Earthquake Why were the impacts so bad? (there are 4)
- very few earthquake resistant buildings - poorly built buildings and structures - epicenter near the capital - few recourses to treat injured people
26
Haiti Earthquake Primary responses? (there are 5)
- Dominican republic provided emergency water and medical supplies - Rescue teams from countries e.g. Iceland - Temporary field hospitals set up by the red cross - GIS used to aid organisations - UN troops and police distribute aid
27
Haiti Earthquake Secondary responses? (there are 8)
- money pledged by organisations and governments to assist rebuilding - 1 year on still 1300 camps - 'cash for work' schemes paid Haitians to clear rubble - farmers supported to grow crops - schools rebuilt - improved water supply to 340000 people - free medical care to 390000 - giving information to 116'000 on how to prepare for future disasters
28
Iceland Volcano | What kind of boundary?
Constructive boundary
29
Iceland Volcano | Which two plates are involved?
North American and Eurasian plates moving West to East respectively
30
Iceland Volcano | How far do they move a year?
1-5 cm a year creating a chain of volcanoes
31
Iceland Volcano | How much ice cap melted?
-150m of ice cap melted causing major flooding
32
Iceland Volcano | How many people were evacuated?
700
33
Iceland Volcano | How many farms destroyed?
20
34
Iceland Volcano | What were the secondary impacts?
-Airspace closed across Europe -Overall 95000 flights cancelled -airlines estimated $2 billion -shares in air travel/ tourism dropped by 4% overall loss across Europe of $5 billion
35
Iceland Volcano | What are the management stratergies?
- Iceland was prepared due to the first small eruption on the 20th of March - high tech equipment will be used to predict further eruptions - good warning system - texts sent 30 minutes in advance - emergency services were well prepared - tests have been done since to see if planes can fly into ash cloud
36
Montserrat Eruption | What was the date?
25th June 1997
37
Montserrat Eruption | Where did it happen?
Soufriere Hills
38
Montserrat Eruption | What type of volcano is it?
Composite volcano
39
Montserrat Eruption | What type of plate boundary is it?
Destructive plate boundary
40
Montserrat Eruption | Which plates are involved?
North American and the Caribbean
41
Montserrat Eruption | What happened with the main eruption?
4-5 million m cubed and produced a large ash cloud
42
Montserrat Eruption | How many people died?
19
43
Montserrat Eruption | How many people injured?
7
44
Montserrat Eruption | How many made homeless?
Hundreds
45
Montserrat Eruption | What happened to the population?
decreased from 12000-8000
46
Montserrat Eruption | What is the estimated cost of the Volcano?
1 billion pounds
47
Montserrat Eruption | How many homes were destroyed?
2/3
48
Montserrat Eruption | What did the earthquake do to tourism?
Made it decrease
49
Montserrat Eruption | What infrastructure was destroyed?
businesses destroyed, schools, hospitals

Geography (4 decks)

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