tectonics case study Flashcards
(31 cards)
when did the earthquake at Bam, Christchurch, Iran occur? and what was the magnitude
For vulnerability
december 2003
6.6 richter scale
what were the primary impacts of Bam, Iran (5)
for vulnerability
social-
* atleast 25,000 deaths
* 30,000 injured
* 90,000 people displaced
economical-
* $10 billion
* 18,000 buildings detroyed
How Bam Iran was vulnerable (3)
- 90% of buildings were mud brick built, with no structural frame.
- average income in Iran per year are only $3900
- Night time temperatures dropped to -4°C, worsening survival conditions for people trapped in rubble
what was the cause of the Haiti earthquake in 2010 (3)
developing country
on border between NA and Caribbean plate
level 9 on mercalli level 7 on richter scale
65km rupture zone
what is the dynamic factors of the Haiti earthquake (3)
developing country
- GNI per capita of only $660
- 2.2% of population has HIV/ AIDS
- poor building codes, set by government
what are the impacts of Haiti 2010 earthquake
developing country
- 230,000 deaths
- after 6 months, 1.6m still in camps
- 70 % of buildings collapse
what was the causes of the Nepal earthquake in 2015 (3)
for LIC and primary + secondary impacts
- collision between the Eurasian and Indian plate
- 4.5cm of movement per year
- kathmandu valley raised 1m
- 7.8 on richter scale
what is the dynamic factors of the Nepal 2015 earthquake (4)
- total of 300 aftershocks
- kathmandu valley on 300m of clay
- heavily reliant on agriculture
- women in houses
what are the impacts of Nepal 2015 earthquake (4)
- 9000 people died
- thousands evacuated due to flooding
- 90% of tourist bookings cancelled
- 33% of total GDP damage done
Eyjafjallajökull 2010 volcanic eruption management and response (4)
- 500 farmers evacuated overnight
- roads closed in preparation for flooding
- safe zones 3h to evacuate
- flights stopped to prevent damage to aircraft
Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption hazards (3)
effusive
melt water
ash steam from contact with glacial ice
economic impacts from Eyjafjallajökull (4)
*socio-economic impacts are important
- kenya- 400T of flowers destroyed/ day (3.8m loss)
- shortage of imported goods
- 13 travel firms in uk collapsed
- 100,000 travellers displaced by disruption
- 100,000 flights cancelled over 8 days airline lost $1.7 bil globally
what are the environmental impacts of Eyjafjallajökull (2)
- 0.15 tonnes of CO2 released per day
- reduced noise pollution from aircraft
what are the social impacts of Eyjafjallajökull (3)
*socio-economic impacts are important
- farm workers laid off in Kenya, little to do when goods couldn’t be exported
- 100,000 travelers displaced by disruption
- very few deaths/ injuries
what are the management and response of montserrat 1995 volcanic eruption (3)
- high levels of vulnerability- very small island
- close monitoring of a volcano
- exclusion/ evacuation zoning
What are the hazards of the Montserrat volcanic eruption
- pyroclastic flows
- ash falls-11,000 people live in an area at risk of this +^
- avalanches and debris
- lava flows
what are the economic impacts of the Montserrat volcanic eruption (2)
- tourism industry destroyed with capital
- all businesses in capital destroyed
what are the environmental impacts of the Montserrat volcanic eruption (4)
- corals destroyed
- domestic animals let free, competition with native animals
- poisenous gases and acid rain
- critically endangered species habitat destroyed
what are the social impacts of the Montserrat volcanic eruption (3)
- 19 deaths
- waves of emigration- workers left
- 80% loss of population since 1990s
the 2004 Asian tsunami causes
boxing day
undersea earthquake magnitude of 9.1
the 2004 Asian tsunami dynamic factors
lack of an effective early warning system in the Indian ocean at the time meant that many communities were unprepared for the impending disasters.
the 2004 Asian tsunami social, economic, environmental impacts
s- 250,000 people lost their lives, 500,000 injuries, 5 millions displaced
ec- cost= $15 billion, maldives damage was around $460 million
env-coastal ecosystems severely damaged, deposition of debris and pollutants led to a long-term environmental changes
2011 Japanese tsunami causes (energy policy)
developed country
march 2011 9.0 magnitude earthquake
2011 Japanese tsunami dynamic factors (3)
developed country
- advanced seismic monitering systems detected the earthquake, and tsunami warnings were issued promptly.
- However the tsunami wavees, overwhelmed coastal defences.
- densely populated coastal plains and the proximity of communities to the epicentre contributed to the high impact of the disaster
