Tectonics EQ3 (1.3) Flashcards Preview

AS Edexcel Geography - G > Tectonics EQ3 (1.3) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Tectonics EQ3 (1.3) Deck (16)
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1
Q

what are the 5 types of hazard ?

A

meteorological- weather related
hydrological-water related
geophysical- tectonic related
climatological- related to changing climate e.g drought
biological- related to the biosphere e.g disease

2
Q

how have the patterns of disasters changed over the past 60 years ?

A

The numbers of deaths have fallen due to increased technology to predict the hazards and better preparedness. The number of reported disasters has increased and then stabilised due to better databases and coverage. Also more disasters get reported now. Finally the number of people effected by them has risen due to population growth.

3
Q

what are the trends for tectonic hazards ?

A
  • no changes in numbers of disasters
  • numbers of deaths vary massively each year
  • more economic losses each year
4
Q

what where the impacts of the 2004 Asian tsunami ?

A
  • 14 countries effected
  • economic losses and deaths in Indonesia
  • one of the largest events in terms of areal extent
  • many fatalities from tourists
5
Q

what where the impacts of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in Japan ?

A
  • ports, factories and power supplies damaged effecting the global car production supply chain
  • Fukishima power plant leaked nuclear waste
6
Q

what are some examples of multiple hazard zones ?

A

California, the Philippines, Indonesia and Japan

7
Q

what is an example of the impacts of multiple hazards ?

A

after the 1991 eruption in Philippines there was a typhoon which caused the ash from the volcanoes to turn into lahars.

8
Q

what ways are there of predicting earthquakes ?

A
  • cant predict
  • you can identify more at risk areas and plan building around this
  • seismic gaps which are areas that haven’t experienced earthquakes in a while and are due one
9
Q

what ways are there of predicting volcanic eruptions ?

A
  • monitoring equipment on volcanoes
  • tilt meters and strain meters can detect rises in magma and small tremors that can indicate
  • gas spectrometers analyse levels of gas
10
Q

what ways are there of predicting tsunamis ?

A
  • earthquake induced tsunamis can’t be predicted

- once an earthquake has occurred it is detected and then the oceans can be monitored

11
Q

what are the the 4 stages of managing hazards according to the disaster management cycle ?

A
  1. responses 2. recovery 3. mitigation (reducing scale of next disaster) 4. preparedness
12
Q

what does Park’s disaster response curve show ?

A
  • curve A-disaster with small effect on life and short response so quality of life returns to normal quickly
  • curve B-quality of life more impacted and reconstruction is slow but mitigation improves quality of life
  • curve C-disaster with major impact on life and slow recovery rate and life hasn’t returned to normal
13
Q

what are the 3 ways of managing disaster ?

A

modifying the event-before hazard strikes(long term), modifying the vulnerability-before hazard strikes (short term) and modifying loss-after hazard strikes

14
Q

what are some examples of modifying the event ?

A

land use zoning, seismic buildings(earthquake proof), tsunami defences and lava diversion

15
Q

what are some examples of modifying the vulnerability ?

A

scientific monitoring, community preparedness and education, adaptation

16
Q

what are some examples of modifying the loss ?

A

short term emergency aid, long term aid e.g rebuilding, insurance