Teeth (Digestive) Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
Part of the tooth protruding above the gingival (gums).
A
Crown
2
Q
Surrounds the central pulp cavity.
A
Root
3
Q
The region between crown and root.
A
Neck
4
Q
Mineralized Tissues of the Tooth name them:
A
Dentin, Enamel, Cementum
5
Q
Most abundant substance around the pulp cavity.
Mineralized Tissues of the Tooth
A
Dentin
6
Q
A special type of calcified connective tissue.
Mineralized Tissues of the Tooth
A
Dentin
7
Q
Found in the crown, covering the dentin like a cap.
Very hard, calcified, and epithelial-derived.
A
Enamel
8
Q
Found in the root, covering the dentin like a sheath.
A special calcified connective tissue.
A
Cementum
9
Q
It is the junction between enamel and cementum.
A
cervical line
10
Q
Space within each tooth, conforming to its general shape.
A
Pulp Cavity
11
Q
Pulp Cavity & Its Regions?
A
Pulp chamber
Pulp/root canal
12
Q
expanded portion in the coronal part.
Pulp Cavity
A
Pulp chamber
13
Q
narrowed portion that extends through the root
Pulp Cavity & Its Regions
A
Pulp/root canal
14
Q
nerve of the tooth?
A
Tooth Pulp
15
Q
Mesenchyme-like connective tissue.
Extremely sensitive.
A
Tooth Pulp (“nerve of the tooth”)
16
Q
Rich in nerve fibers and small blood vessels.
Nerve and blood vessels enter through the apical foramen (small hole/s at root apex).
What structure is being asked? (The whole)
A
Tooth Pulp
17
Q
Roots sit in bony ridges: (2 parts)
A
Mandible (lower jaw)
Maxilla (upper jaw)
18
Q
What are these bony ridges collectively called?
Tooth Attachment (Roots sit in these bony ridges and they are called?)
A
alveolar processes
19
Q
What are the sockets in the alveolar process called?
A
Alveoli
20
Q
How many sockets are there per tooth root?
A
One socket per tooth root.
21
Q
What holds the teeth firmly in their alveoli?
A
Bundles of connective tissue fibers.
22
Q
What is the collective name for these fibers?
(Bundles of connective tissue fibers)
A
Periodontal ligament
23
Q
What forms the external covering for the alveolar process bone?
A
The mucous membrane of the mouth
24
Q
What are these coverings called?
The mucous membrane of the mouth
A
Gums or gingiva
25
What is dentin rich in?
| "Dentin is composed of material rich in collagen fibers."
Collagen fibers
26
What cells deposit dentin material?
Odontoblasts
27
How is dentin formed?
In layers.
28
What is dentin formation similar to?
Bone formation
29
How does dentin growth differ from bone?
It is more limited
30
What special structure do odontoblasts have?
A cytoplasmic process
31
Where does the odontoblast process **extend**?
From the apex of the cell to the basement membrane.
32
What does this basement membrane line?
The **concavity** of the enamel organs.
33
What happens to the odontoblast processes **during dentin deposition**?
They get trapped in the dentin.
34
What are the tiny canals that enclose them called?
| "the prcesses are trapped in dentin and become enclosed in tiny canals"
Dentinal tubules
35
What are the trapped processes called?
Odontoblastic processes
36
What happens to odontoblasts as more dentin is added?
They are displaced farther from the basement membrane.
37
Do odontoblast processes remain connected to the basement membrane?
yes.
38
What happens to the odontoblast processes as **dentin increases**?
They become elongated
39
What is formed first in dentin?
The matrix
40
When does calcification happen?
Usually one day after the matrix appears.
41
What is dentin sensitive to? (Enumerate)
**Touch,
cold, and
acid-containing food.**
42
what makes up 90% of dentin matrix?
Collagen
43
What makes up about 10% of dentin matrix?
Phosphoprotein
44
What makes up less than 1% of dentin matrix? (Enumerate)
Glycoprotein and proteoglycans.
45
**Phosphoprotein** is **synthesized by the cell** and **released to predentin** **but diffuses to the dentin side.**
BASAHIN mu nalang suri
46
How does enamel form initially?
As a fully calcified matrix.
47
What happens to the matrix later?
| Enamel forms first as fully calcified matrix and -
It calcifies completely.
48
What form does the material of the mineralized matrix take?
| Enamel formation
Rods
49
What do enamel rods retain?
What is the shape of both the cell and the enamel rods?
The shape of the cell
Prismatic
## Footnote
The enamel rods retain the shape of the cell; both are prismatic.
50
What are the elongated ends of the ameloblasts called?
Tomes processes
## Footnote
"The elongated ends of the ameloblasts have been termed Tomes processes."
51
What does enamel consist of?
An organic matrix
## Footnote
"Enamel consists of an organic matrix composed of protein and carbohydrate, with calcium phosphate in the form of apatite."
52
1. What makes up the organic matrix of enamel? (Enumerate)
1. What inorganic substance is found in enamel?
* Protein and carbohydrate
* Calcium phosphate
53
What is the form of calcium phosphate in enamel?
| enamel formation
Apatite
## Footnote
"Enamel consists of an organic matrix composed of protein and carbohydrate, with calcium phosphate in the form of apatite."
54
1. How **many enamel rods** does each ameloblast produce?
1. What is the **structural unit of enamel?**
One;
The enamel rod
## Footnote
"Each ameloblast produces one enamel rod, the structural unit of enamel."
55
1. What is the **enamel rod matrix** composed of?
1. what is the **shape of these subunits' diametet**?
1. What is the **approximate diameter of the subunits**?
What is the enamel rod matrix composed of?
→ **Tiny tubular subunits.**
What is the shape of these subunits' diameter?
→ **Oval.**
What is the approximate diameter of the subunits?
→ **About 250 Angstrom units.**
56
*Under enamel formation:*
1. How are **the tubular subunits arranged?**
1. In **what direction** do they run?
| "These are closely packed and run parallel to the axis of the rods."
How are the tubular subunits arranged?
→ **Closely packed.**
In what direction do they run?
→ **Parallel to the axis of the rods.**
57
*enamel formation:*
* Where does calcification begin?
* What is the nature of calcification at the beginning?
Where does calcification begin?
→ **In relation to the tubules** of the **enamel matrix.**
What is the nature of calcification at the beginning?
→ Discrete.
58
"As the rods lengthen and the whole layer of matrix thickens, calcification continues."
| UNDER ENAMEL FORMATION
basahin niyo nalang
59
What happens the farther the matrix is from Tomes process?
| **enamel formation**
It becomes more intensely calcified
60
1. What is the **mineral content of mature enamel?**
1. What happens **after** mineral content reaches its total percent?
1. **What is the enamel called when it reaches this stage**?
What is the mineral content of mature enamel?
→ **About 95% of its total mass.**
What happens after mineral content reaches 95%?
→ **No further calcification takes place.**
What is the enamel called when it reaches this stage?
**→ Mature enamel.**
61
1. What do **ameloblasts** secrete besides rods?
1. What does the **inter-rod substance appear like**?
1. How do the **tubular subunits of the inter-rod substance run**?
What do ameloblasts secrete besides rods?
→ **Inter-rod substance**
What does the inter-rod substance appear like?
→ **Identical to the rod substance**
How do the tubular subunits of the inter-rod substance run?
→ **In different directions from the rods**
62
Can enamel repair itself if it is injured?
No
62
What injuries can make enamel incapable of repair? (Enumerate)
| ENAMEL
Decay, fracture, or other means.
62
"The **fully formed enamel is relatively inert**;
no cells are associated with it because the ameloblasts degenerate after they have formed all the enamel and the tooth erupts."
basahin
62
This is a **special nonvascular** calcified connective tissue (modified bone) **produced by cementoblasts.**
Cementum
62
What **part of the root** has **noncellular cementum**?
The **upper third to one-half** of the length **of the root.**
63
1. What does **cementum bury** in **its substance**?
1. What does this **attachment** do?
What does cementum bury in its substance?
→ **The ends of the fibers of the periodontal ligament.**
What does this attachment do?
→ **It attaches the fibers to the tooth**.
## Footnote
"Cementum buries in its substance the ends of the fibers of the periodontal ligament and so attached them to the tooth."
64
From what do cementoblasts develop?
Some mesenchymal cells of the dental sac
65
What is found in the remaining part of the cementum?
Cells called **cementocytes.**
66
"Cementocytes reside in lacunae and are provided with canaliculi."
basahen nalang
67
1. What does the **periodontal ligament arise from**?
1. What does the **dental sac surround**?
1. **When** does **the dental sac surround the tooth?**
1. **What space** does the **periodontal ligament fill**?
What does the periodontal ligament arise from?
→ **The mesenchyme of the dental sac.**
What does the dental sac surround?
→ **The tooth.**
When does the dental sac surround the tooth?
→ During **development.**
What space does the periodontal ligament fill?
→ The **space between the tooth and the bone of the alveolar process.**
68
What does the periodontal ligament consist of?
How are the collagenous fibers arranged?
Where is this suspensory ligament located?
What does the periodontal ligament consist of?
**→ Collagenous fibers.**
How are the collagenous fibers arranged?
**→ In the form of a suspensory ligament.**
Where is this suspensory ligament located?
**→ Between the root of the tooth and the body wall of its socket.**
69
Where are the ends of the fibers embedded?
What are the embedded parts of the fibers called?
Where are the ends of the fibers embedded?
→** In the root of the tooth at one side and the body wall at the other side.**
What are the embedded parts of the fibers called?
→ **Sharpey’s fibers.**
## Footnote
"The ends of the fibers are embedded in the root of the tooth at one side and the body wall at the other side; these embedded parts are called Sharpey’s fibers."
70
1. What is one function of the periodontal fibers?
1. What happens when pressure is exerted on the biting surface of the tooth?
1. What allows this to happen?
1. Is the tooth allowed any movement within its alveolus?
What is one function of the periodontal fibers?
→ **To hold the tooth in place.**
What happens when pressure is exerted on the biting surface of the tooth?
→ **The tooth will not be pressed farther into the narrowing socket.**
What allows this to happen?
→ **The suspension of the tooth by the fibers.**
Is the tooth allowed any movement within its alveolus?
→ **Yes, some slight movement.**
71
What do the blood capillaries within the periodontal ligament provide?
What is the **only source of nutritive supply** to cementocytes?
What do the blood capillaries within the periodontal ligament provide?
→ **Nutritive supply to cementocytes.**
What is the only source of nutritive supply to cementocytes?
→ **The blood capillaries within the periodontal ligament.**
72
What supplies the teeth with tactile sense?
| Under periodontal ligament
The nerves of the periodontal ligament.
73
What does the periodontal ligament serve as?
periosteum to the bony alveolus
74
How does the periodontal ligament **differ from the usual periosteum**?
By the absence of elastic fibers
75
"Brachydont teeth - also called simple teeth, do not continue to grow at the end of eruption, divisible into a definitive crown, neck and root; the enamel organ is intact until the time of eruption; ameloblasts disintegrate after the eruption of the crown, cementum is deposited only on the dentin."
basahen nalang
76
"Hypsodont teeth - also called complex teeth; they are constantly erupting; do not possess a definitive crown, neck and root; the enamel organ is ruptured prior to eruption; ameloblasts do not disintegrate; they continue to secrete enamel for an extended period beyond eruption; cementum is deposited on both the dentin and the enamel; include the cheek teeth of ruminants, all of the teeth of the horse, the incisor teeth of rodents and the canine teeth of the pig."
suri
