Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE History > Tehran Conference > Flashcards

Tehran Conference Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Who was in the Grand Alliance + leaders of these countries

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt - USA
Winston Churchill - UK
Josef Stalin - USSR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was agreed at Tehran Conference?

A
  • USA and UK would open a second front to fight Germany in the West,
  • USSR would declare war on Japan once Germany had been defeated,
  • Polish-Soviet border would revert to how it was in 1939,
  • League of Nations set up to negotiate instead of starting war.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What caused tensions (Tehran Conference)

A
  • Stalin was suspicious when the West delayed their attack on Germany,
  • USA felt at times that British colonialism was more of a threat than the USSR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why did Stalin set up the Berlin Blockade?

A
  • Felt that USA, UK and France were trying to cooperate against the USSR (Trizonia + Deutschmark),
  • wanted control of West Berlin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What effect did Trizonia and the Deutschmark have on relations?

A
  • No more economic unity,
  • West Berlin would be able to develop quicker whilst East Berlin would be forced into poverty.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did Stalin blockade Berlin?

A

He closed the two land ‘corridors’ connecting West Berlin and West Germany. Food + communication could only be received via air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did Western Allies fight back?

A

Operation Vittles: New runway at Berlin-Tempelhof and new airport (Berlin-Tegel) developed so that the West could send food into West Berlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When was the Blockade lifted?

A

9/5/49

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What were consequences of Berlin Blockade?

A
  • West created NATO and FRG,
  • USSR created Warsaw Pact and GDR as a response.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade start?

A

June 1948

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why was it potentially dangerous for the West to fly over East Germany?

A

They were unsure if they would be shot down by the Soviets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is mutually assured destruction?

A

A military strategy where if a country uses nuclear weapons against another, there will be a risk that nuclear weapons will be used against them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why did the USA and USSR create nuclear weapons despite not using them?

A

Nuclear weapons could destroy the world though both sides still wanted to defend themselves incase the opposition used them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

March 1953

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who replaced Stalin and when?

A
  • Nikita Khrushchev,
  • 1956
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did the power struggle in the USSR after Stalin’s death cause?

A

Protests in Warsaw Pact countries (particuarly Hungary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happened in the Hungarian Uprising?

A
  • During 1956, citizens protested about a lack of rights, poor harvest and fuel shortages. This caused riots,
  • Khrushchev appointed Imre Nagy who he hoped would settle unrest,
  • Nagy declared reforms such as letting other political parties into government, releasing political prisoners from gulags and persuading Khrushchev to withdraw Soviets troops from Hungary,
  • Nagy announced that Hungary would leave Warsaw Pact on 1/11/56,
  • 1,000 Soviet tanks rolled into Budapest on 4/11/56 to make sure that Hungary stayed in the Warsaw Pact. Nagy supporters put up a fight and 20,000 Hungarians ended up dying,
  • a new pro-USSR government was set up under Janos Kadar,
  • Kadar promised Nagy safe passage out of embassy where he had hidden though was then kidnapped by Soviet agents. Nagy was tried and executed 2 years later.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why did Krushchev not want Hungary to leave the Warsaw Pact?

A

It could have caused a domino effect where other satelite states would demand for reforms and to leave the Warsaw Pact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why did the USA not interveine in the Hungarian Uprising?

A

If they directly confronted the USSR then it could have led to MAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was Krushchev’s attitude like before the Hungarian Uprising?

A
  • Openly criticised Stalin’s policies,
  • wanted peaceful coexistence with the West,
  • wanted de-Stalinisation,
  • removed many political prisoners from gulags.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Positive and negative outcomes of Hungarian Uprising (USA)

A
  • USSR seemed like an opressive superpower compared to the USA and their policy of contaiment was justified.
  • The USA strongly opposed the invasion of Hungary though did not interveine (hypocrisy),
  • this also made them look weaker.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Positive outcomes of Hungarian Uprising (USSR)

A
  • Krushchev’s position in the USSR was more secure since he proved himself to be a strong and powerful dictator (like Stalin),
  • Khrushchev became more confident in dealing with the USA.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

A U-2 spy plane flew over Cuba and took photos of what seemed to be ballistic missile launch pads on 14/10/62. The USA now knew that the USSR was supplying Cuba with missiles, despite the Soviets having reassured them that they would not do this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happened on the 16th?

A

An Executive Committee (ExComm) discussed for 13 days about how the USA should act over the threat of nuclear war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
22nd
Decided that an attack on Cuba was too dangerous so launced a naval blockade instead. Only ships with US permission could pass from Cuba. If the USSR ignored this blockade then the USA would sink their ships, leading to nuclear war.
26
24th
Soviet ships reached the blockade and surprisingly turned around
27
26th
Khrushchev sent telegram to Kennedy where he would remove Cuban missiles if USA promised not to invade
28
27th
Khrushchev sent 2nd telegram before Kennedy could respond. Cuban missiles would only be removed if Turkish ones were also removed. U-2 spy plane shot down over Cuba on same day. Kennedy ignored US Hawks demand for millitary action.
29
28th
Kennedy ignored 2nd telegram and agreed to 1st one. His brother met Soviet ambassador in Washington the day before to remove Turkish missiles. This was kept secret.
30
Why would Khrushchev have wanted to place missiles in Cuba?
- Could use missiles against USA from a shorter distance if war broke out, - may have wanted to get missiles from Turkey removed by showing the USA what it felt like to be under threat, - the Berlin Wall was seen by Soviet critics as a failure. Prestige would be restored if he could outwit Kennedy over Cuba, - feared an American attack on Cuba which would be seen as a failure for communism if successful.
31
What did the hawks and the doves support in the US government?
- Hawks wanted military action against Cuba - Doves did not want military action
32
Why was the naval blockade on Cuba referred to as a 'quarantine'?
So that it was made to seem less oppressive and controlling.
33
Which treaties which were introduced as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
- Test Ban Treaty, - Outer Space Treaty, - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, - 'Hotline'.
34
When was Test Ban Treaty agreed and what did it introduce?
- August 1963 - Prohibited countries from testing nuclear weapons in space, underwater and atmosphere
35
When was Outer Space Treaty and what did it introduce?
- 1967 - Prevented the USA and USSR from using space for military purposes (including nuclear research)
36
When was the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and what did it introduce?
- 1968 - Countries which signed the treaty could not share nuclear technology with other countries
37
When was the 'hotline' introduced and why?
- June 1963 - Enabled the USA and USSR to communicate much more quickly which prevented misunderstandings + miscommunications.
38
When did the Prague Spring happen?
1968
39
Why did the Prague Spring happen?
Czechoslovak citizens protested over their lack of freedom and poor living conditions
40
Who was elected as the First Secretary of the Czech Communist Party in 1968?
Alexander Dubček
41
Why did the USSR believe that Dubček could be trusted as Czechoslovak leader?
They felt that he could make his government less unpopular and more effective whilst staying completely loyal to the Soviets
42
What did Czechoslovak citizens protest about?
- Economy, - purges, - censorship, - freedom and rights
43
Who ran the Czech economy?
The Soviet Union under their benefit
44
Who were examples of groups which purges were carried out on in Czechoslovakia?
- Democratic politicians, - Catholics, - Jews, - some communists
45
Which reforms did Dubcek put in place?
- Relaxed censorship and allowed criticism of government, - idea of multi-party elections was discussed, - greater freedom to travel abroad, - trade unions given more power and government control of industry was reduced, - trade with the West increased, - more power given to Czech regional governments.
46
What did Dubcek say about his beliefs on communism?
"Socialism with a human face"
47
When did Soviet control of Czechoslovakia start?
1948
48
Why was Brezhnev against the reforms Dubcek introduced?
It went against his firm control of Czechoslovakia and domino effect could happen where other Warsaw Pact countries also demand for reforms.
49
How many Warsaw Pact troops invade Czechoslovakia and which date?
- 500,000 - 20/8/68
50
Which year was Dubcek dismissed from office and who replaced him?
- 1969 - Gustav Husak
51
What did the Brezhnev Doctrine state?
The actions of any individual communist country affected all communist countries. If one country threatened communism then it was the duty of all other countries to interveine and stop it.
52
Which problems was the USSR facing before Gorbachev came into power?
- Censorship, - no freedom of speech, - low standards of living, - huge sums being spent on developing arms, - war in Afghanistan (economy), - economic decline, - no stable leadership (leaders suffered from poor health and died quickly)
53
Which two major policies did Gorbachev introduce?
- Perestroika - Glasnost
54
What was perestroika?
Reconstruction Gorbachev's programme for restructuring and reorganising the Soviet State.
55
What was Glasnost?
Transparency Gorbachev's more open attitude about the government and foreign relations.
56
What was the significance of Gorbachev dropping the Brezhnev Doctrine?
Warsaw Pact countries could freely choose more liberal policies without the threat of military action against them.
57
Examples of policies which Gorbachev introduced
- Buying/selling goods without gov interference, - less censorship, - sacked previous gov members based on corruption/laziness, - brought in new people into gov, - spending on arms reduced, - elections allowed, - private ownership allowed.
58
When was Geneva summit + outcome
- 1985 - No formal agreement. Reagan and Gorbachev establish good relation
59
When was Reykjavik + outcome
- 1986 - USA did not want to give up SDI though relations increased (no formal agreement)
60
When was Washington + outcome
- 1987 - Intermediate Nuclear Force Treaty (missiles with range of 500-5,500km abolished)
61
When was Moscow + outcome
- 1988 - Reduction in Warsaw Pact troops and USSR pulled out of Afghanistan
62
When was Malta (exact date) + outcome
- 2nd of December 1989 - No agreements though marking of end of the Cold War
63
2 examples of Soviet satelite states introducting liberal reforms during Gorbachev leadership
June 1989 - Solidarity workers union legalised in Poland and wins in elections October 1989 - Hungary introduces free elections
64
What happened on the 8th of November 1989?
An East German politicial called Günter Schabowski announced on live television that private trips abroad could be applied for without condition. This was finalised a day later.
65
When did the Berlin Wall fall?
9/11/89
66
What happened in Czechoslovakia in 1948?
Stalin supported a coup which removed non-communists from power to establish a pro-soviet communist government

GCSE History (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions