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NRS 207 Temperature > Temperature > Flashcards

Temperature Flashcards

1
Q

Pain is considered…

A

5th vital sign in many agencies

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2
Q

temperature

A

body temperature = heat produced minus heat loss

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3
Q

therniregulation

A

regulation of body temp, done by balancing heat lost and heat produces

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4
Q

hypothalamus

A

the bodys thermostat- responsible for controlling the body temp. sends messages to blood vessels to help conserve heat by vasoconstriction or to release heat by vasodilation and sweating. shivering is an involuntary response to create heat. muscular activity increases heat production in the body

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5
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

heat produced by the body at absolute rest, is affected by thyroid hormones that control metabolism. Men have higher BMR than women

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6
Q

heat loss

A

lost from the skin surface by radiation, conduction, evaporation, convection (air movement), diaphoresis (sweating)

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7
Q

factors that influence body temp

A
  1. age
  2. exercise
  3. hormone level
  4. stress
  5. environment
  6. temperature altercations: due to disease ex: fever from infection
  7. circadian rhythm
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8
Q

oral temp

A
  • accessible and comfortable
  • affected by for, fluids, or smoking
  • not for infants or young children
  • mercury thermometers are dangerous and slow (3 mins)
  • electronic thermometers- 20-50 seconds to display temp
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9
Q

rectal temp

A
  • about 1 degree higher than oral
  • used when cannot take oral temp
  • uncomfortable, requires lubrication
  • not used with rectal problems, diarrhea, or bleeding problems
  • mercury thermometers are dangerous and slow (2 min)
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10
Q

Axillary temp

A
  • about 1 degree lower than oral
  • not as reliable
  • noninvasive
  • must be held in place for infants and children
  • mercury thermometers are slow (3 mins)
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11
Q

Tympanic temp

A
  • can be accurate core temp
  • unaffected by fluids or food
  • expensive and often unreliable due to technique
  • use with caution for infants and toddlers
  • ear problems will distort temp
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12
Q

temporal temp

A
  • rapid, easy to access, comfortable, safe for all ages, including newborns
  • must be used correctly with scanner flat on skin
  • affected by skin moisture or air
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13
Q

Problems of body temp

A
  • fever
  • hyperthermia
  • hypothermia
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14
Q

Fever

A
  • pyrexia, febrile episode
  • not harmful usually under 102.2 deg F
  • pyrogens (bacteria, viruses that trigger fever) cause a rise in body temp by triggering an immune response. causes the hypothalamus to rise the set point temp of the body
  • important defense mechanism, works to enhance the immune system below 102
  • chills: body attempt to increase body temp to attain new set point temp set by the hypothalamus affected by pyrogens. client feels cold even though body temp is rising
  • diaphoresis: sweating to release heat and decrease body temp when fever is resolving. Afebrile= fever has broken
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15
Q

Negative affects of fever

A
  • dehydration
  • increased cardiovascular workload
  • increased oxygen needs due to increased metabolism
  • weakness from depleting energy stores
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16
Q

Treatment of fever

A
  • antipyretics: drugs to reduce fever, including tylenol and morton (increase heat loss)
  • oxygen
  • fluids
  • do not use ice packs or tepid sponge baths -will promote shivering
  • caution with hypothermia blankets- shivering, and risk of injury to skin
17
Q

Hyperthermia

A
  • Heat exhaustion
  • excessive perspiration leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalances
  • usually due to environmental conditions
  • move client to cooler environment and replace fluids
  • can lead to heatstroke if not treated
  • Heatstroke
  • emergency situation caused by prolonged exposure to sun or heat
  • hypothalamus malfunctions due to extreme temps and does not cause sweating
  • symptoms include cramps, confusion, visual disturbances, and hot, dry skin
  • temp of 105 deg F can cause brain and tissue damage- brain is first organ affected
  • treatment: cool client to increase heat loss and replace fluids by IV route
18
Q

Hypothermia

A
  • prolonged exposure to cold
  • danger point is at 95 deg F when uncontrollable shivering occurs. Vital signs fail at 94 deg F
  • treatment: slowly increase the temp with blankets, warming devices, and warm fluids
  • frostbite
  • ice crystals form in cells
  • areas with decreased blood flow are affected first, such as toes, fingers, earlobes, and nose
  • hypothermia may be induced to decrease the boys need for heat and oxygen

NRS 207 Temperature (1 decks)

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