Temperature and Pressure Concepts

Question 1

What is evaporation?

Answer 1

The process where a compound transitions from its liquid state to its gaseous state at a temperature below its boiling point

Question 2

During evaporation, why do bubbles not form?

Answer 2

Vapor pressure is < atmospheric pressure

Question 3

Explain the process of boiling.

Answer 3

Boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. Boiling requires an open container

Question 4

How are atmospheric pressure and boiling point related?

Answer 4

The two values are directly proportionate

Question 5

What is specific heat?

Answer 5

The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Question 6

What is vapor pressure?

Answer 6

Pressure exerted on the walls of a closed container when molecules from a volatile liquid escape the liquid phase and enter the gas phase.

Question 7

What is the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature?

Answer 7

The two are directly proportionate

Question 8

The process by which a liquid is converted to a gas; requires energy (heat)

Answer 8

Vaporization

Question 9

The number of calories required to vaporize 1mL of liquid

Answer 9

Heat of vaporization

Question 10

The number of calories required to convert 1 gram of liquid to vapor without a temperature change in the liquid

Answer 10

Latent heat of vaporization

Question 11

How do modern vaporizers avoid anesthetic cooling due to fresh gas flow?

Answer 11

• Using metals with high thermal conductivity (copper, bronze)
• Use a temperature compensation valve to modulate the amount of FGF that is directed into the vaporizing chamber (Sevo, Iso)
• Apply direct heat to the anesthetic liquid (Des)

Question 12

What is an adiabatic process?

Answer 12

A process that occurs without gain or loss of energy (heat)

Question 13

Gas stored at high pressure that is suddenly released escapes from its container into a vacuum –> it quickly loses speed as well as energy –> temperature falls

Answer 13

Joule- Thompson Effect

Question 14

Identify the concept: An oxygen cylinder is quickly opened and becomes cool to the touch

Answer 14

Joule- Thompson Effect

Question 15

Identify the concept: rapid compress of a gas intensifies its kinetic energy, causing the temperature to rise

Answer 15

Joule- Thompson Effect

Question 16

The highest temperature where a gas can exist asa liquid; the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied regardless of the pressure applied to it

Answer 16

Critical temperature

Question 17

What gases exist as liquids in their cylinders?

Answer 17

Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide

Question 18

Why do some gases exist as liquids in their cylinders?

Answer 18

Their critical temperatures are higher than room temperature

Question 19

Critical temperature: 36.5C

Answer 19

Nitrous oxide

Question 20

Critical temperature: 31C

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide

Question 21

Critical temperature: -119C

Answer 21

Oxygen

Question 22

Critical temperature: -140

Answer 22

Air

Question 23

Critical temperature: -147

Answer 23

Nitrogen

Question 24

The minimum pressure required to convert a gas to a liquid at its critical temperature

Answer 24

Critical pressure

Question 25

Temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to liquid

Answer 25

Melting point

Question 26

Temperature at which a substance shifts from a liquid to a gas

Answer 26

Boiling point

Question 27

Convert Celsius to Kelvin

Answer 27

Kelvin = 273 + C

Question 28

Convert Kelvin to Celsius

Answer 28

Celsius = K - 273

Question 29

Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 29

Celsius = (F - 32) x 5/9

Question 30

Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 30

Fahrenheit = (C x 1.8) + 32

Question 31

What does Avogadro’s number signify?

Answer 31

1 mole of any gas is made up of 6.023 x 10^23 atoms

A mole of gas is equal to the molecular weight of that gas in grams.

Question 32

How are area and pressure related?

Answer 32

The two are inversely proportionate

Question 33

Convert mmHg to cmH2O

Answer 33

1mmHg = 1.36 cmH2O

Question 34

Convert cmH2O to mmHg

Answer 34

1 cmH2O = 0.74 mmHg