Temporal Lobe

Question 1

What does the temporal lobe house

Answer 1

primary auditory cortex
secondary auditory and visual cortex
limbic cortex
amygdala
hippocampus.

Question 2

What do primary lobe areas do in general

Answer 2

detect specific modality information

Question 3

What do secondary lobe areas do in general

Answer 3

perception of stimuli

Question 4

What do tertiary lobe areas do in general

Answer 4

integration - make sense of and integrate stimuli

Question 5

Where is the Primary Auditory cortex

Answer 5

Transverse Temporal Gyrus (or Heschl’s gyrus)

Question 6

How are cells in the Primary Auditory cortex organised

Answer 6

tonotopically mapped according to characteristics of sound information such as frequency, pitch, amplitude

Question 7

In what area are the basic individual elements of sound are integrated into more meaningful/ recognisable aspects of speech or music

Answer 7

secondary area / unimodal association area

Question 8

What does the left hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe specifically do

Answer 8

understanding the phoneme

Question 9

damage to the left hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe means that …

Answer 9

have trouble perceiving auditory information
can’t break up language into it’s parts
like hearing a foreign language

Question 10

What does the right hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe specifically do

Answer 10

processing the characteristics of sound such as pitch, frequency, amplitude and timbre

Question 11

If you can’t distinguish between musical instruments there may be damage to what area

Answer 11

right hemisphere primary and secondary areas of temporal lobe

Question 12

What a test for damage to left hemisphere primary and secondary areas of the temporal lobe

Answer 12

WAIS vocab test

Wapmans test

Question 13

Inability to follow instructions may be a result of what particular temporal lobe damage

Answer 13

left hemisphere primary and secondary areas

Question 14

What are the two two parallel visual pathways

Answer 14

Ventral Pathway (Parvocellular) - underneath
Dorsal Pathway (Magnocellular) - on top

Question 15

What is the Ventral Pathway

Answer 15

projects ventrally from occipital lobe to the inferior temporal lobe

Question 16

What is the Dorsal Pathway

Answer 16

projects dorsally from occipital lobe to the Medial Temporal area and then onto posterior parietal cortex.

Question 17

What do Neurons in the Ventral Pathway respond to

Answer 17

a wide variety of shapes and colours and so it is

involved in the perception of What the object is

Question 18

Which is the WHAT pathway

Answer 18

Ventral Pathway

Question 19

What do Neurons in the dorsal pathway respond to

Answer 19

dynamic motion and direction of an object and hence it is involved in the perception of Where the object is.

Question 20

Which is the WHERE pathway

Answer 20

Dorsal Pathway

Question 21

What is a test of ventral pathway

Answer 21

Boston Naming Test

WAIS picture completion

Question 22

Where is visual integration assumed to occur

Answer 22

Junction of occipito-parieto-temporal

Question 23

Why is memory important for visual information

Answer 23

Visual information is matched with stored memory,

particularly memory for categories

Question 24

Which area appears to be heavily involved

in categorisation

Answer 24

middle temporal gyrus

Question 25

In terms of visual processing Temporal lobe patients have trouble accessing what

Answer 25

categories, with the specificity of categories and in | making specific and fine categories

Question 26

What is a test of categorisation

Answer 26

FAS | WAIS similarities

Question 27

What area is involved with multi-modal integration of information from the visual, parietal and auditory associations areas

Answer 27

superior temporal gyrus – at the junction between parieto-temporal lobes

Question 28

The limbic system, is heavily involved with what functions

Answer 28

emotion, memory and learning

Question 29

What are the limbic structures

Answer 29

Amygdala, Hippocampus and olfactory regions

Question 30

Which structure is involved with emotion/fear response

Answer 30

Amygdala

Question 31

What does the hippocampus do in terms of memory

Answer 31

laying memory down and converting it to long term storage and also in accessing memory

Question 32

How are memory and emotion associated

Answer 32

Long term memory is associated with emotional valence Emotions helps us understand and remember information Learning is dependent on our emotions and how we associate stimuli with positive, negative or neutral stimuli.

Question 33

inability to differentiate between emotionally different stimuli, even if the consequence is important.is a result of

Answer 33

Lesions to the connections between the hippocampus and amygdala

Question 34

Memory is made up of what 3 functions

Answer 34

encoding + storage + retrieval

Question 35

Olfactory areas are associated with what

Answer 35

memory

Question 36

Declarative/explicit memory is located where and what is it

Answer 36

synapses of hippocampus/medial temporal lobe | Memory of facts.

Question 37

What is a test of declarative memory

Answer 37

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) California Verbal Learning Test Rey Complex Figure

Question 38

Procedural/implicit memory of skills and habits is located where and what are the implications

Answer 38

synaptic connections within striatum, motor cortex and cerebellum. Can learn new skills even with temporal lobe damage

Question 39

Procedural memory of associative learning that leads to an emotional response is located where

Answer 39

synapses within the amygdala

Question 40

Resection of the hippocampus results in impairment of what

Answer 40

Declarative / explicit memory. | an inability to form new memories and to recall recent events ie anterograde amnesia

Question 41

Long term memory is a function of what general area

Answer 41

Temporal lobe

Question 42

We remember scary things more than neutral things because of what

Answer 42

amygdala

Question 43

what is proceedural/implicit memory

Answer 43

Long term memory of skills/procedures – “how to” | knowledge.

Question 44

what are temporal lobe lesions associated with:

Answer 44

(1) disturbance of auditory sensation and perception, (2) disorders of music perception, (3) disorders of visual perception, (4) disturbance in the selection of visual and auditory input, (5) impaired organization and categorization of sensory input (8) altered personality and affective behavior, and (9) altered sexual behavior.

Question 45

What does the the mirror drawing task involve

Answer 45

implicit learning of skilled movements.