Temporal Lobe Flashcards
(32 cards)
Includes all tissue that lies below the:
Lateral (Sylvian) fissure
Subcritical structures include the: (3)
These areas together play a role in
Limbic cortex
Amygdala
Hippocampal formation
Memory and emotional function
The Sylvian fissure contains tissue forming the _________. Which can be broken down into two regions.
How do you reveal this region?
Insula
Can be broken down into the gustatory cortex and the auditory association cortex
By ‘picking up’ the entire lateral fissure
Gustatory cortex
> responsible for
consists of
Region responsible for the perception of taste
Consists of the anterior insula and the frontal operculum
The superior temporal sulcus separates the:
The STS contains many subregions of polymodal cortex. Describe where it receives input from:
The STS is located…
Superior and middle temporal gyri
Receives input from auditory, visual, and somatic regions in the frontal and parietal lobes. Also receives input from the paralimbic cortex.
Under the superior temporal sulcus
The lateral surface of the temporal lobe can be subdivided into two regions:
Auditory areas and the central stream of visual information.
Insula plays a critical role in:
Reading, and learning. Damage to the insula can result in learning/reading disability.
The medial temporal cortex is also known as the _________.
This cortex includes the : (3)
These structures are critical in…
Limbic cortex.
Amygdala and adjacent cortex (uncus), the hippocampus and adjacent cortex (subiculum, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex), and the fusiform gyrus.
Learning where we, and other objects are in space.
Differentiate between afferent and efferent projections.
Afferent projections are coming from sensory systems.
Efferent projections are going to the parietal and frontal association regions, the limbic system, and the basal ganglia.
How are the left and right temporal lobes connected?
Neocortex of left and right are connected by the corpus callosum.
Medial temporal regions and the amygdala are connected by the anterior commissure.
CONNECTIONS OF THE TEMPORAL LOBE
hierarchical sensory pathway:
Incoming auditory and visual information
Key in stimulus recognition - where things are coming from which is valuable for survival
CONNECTIONS OF THE TEMPORAL LOBE
Dorsal auditory pathway
From auditory cortex to posterior parietal love
Key in detection of spatial location and movement of sound
CONNECTIONS OF THE TEMPORAL LOBE
Polymodal pathway
From auditory and visual areas to many polymodal regions in the cortex
Key in stimulus categorization (what is that sound)
CONNECTIONS OF THE TEMPORAL LOBE
Medial temporal projection
From auditory and visual areas to medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and the amygdala
Key in learning and memory (learning from experience with emotional salience)
CONNECTIONS OF THE TEMPORAL LOBE
Frontal lobe projections
Incongruent affect
Auditory and visual cortex to frontal lobe
Key in movement and control (bricks and speech language areas)
Key in working memory (keeping information active and online to be used in the moment)
Key in affect (portrayal of mood)
When the reaction does not match the context ie laughing at pain
Temporal lobe function
1) processing speech, music, and other auditory stimuli
2) visual object recognition
3) long term storage of information
4) affective responses
1) primary and secondary auditory cortex
2) secondary visual cortex (ventral pathway)
3) hippocampus and perirhinal cortex (creating concrete categories so we can use them again, often refers to our beliefs about ourself)
4) amygdala
PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES
Identification and categorization of stimuli
Cross modal matching
Using visual and auditory stimuli
Process of matching visual and auditory information. Depends on cortex of superior temporal sulcus. This occurs most frequently in language.
Superior temporal sulcus and biological motion
Imaging reveals activation during biological motion. Movements are relevant to species.
Social cognition or theory of mind - I am a human having my own experience and you are a human having your own experience.
Vertical organization of cells in area TE
Cells with similar selectivity cluster in vertical columns
This organization is meant to aid in rapid conduction
Rate of processing is faster is we have already been exposed to a stimulus
Face perception pathway
Different aspects of facial perception are analyzed in the temporal part of the ventral stream
The right temporal lobe has a more important role (therefore, left visual field bias)
Describe the thatcher illusion
Difficult to recognize local changes in upside down faces whereas it is simple to notice those differences in upright faces. Preservation of facial information
Distributed system for face perception
Refer to recipe card for diagram.
Different parts of facial perception (expression, identity) are analyzed in core visual areas of the occipitotemporal part of the ventral stream.
Some parts are analyzed in an extended system (emotion and lip reading)
Speech sounds come in three specific formants:
Timbre - whispy vs. Bold. The destinctive characteristic of a sound
Loudness - magnitude of sensation as judged by a given person. Measured in decibels.
Pitch - position in a musical scale, or frequency.
Speech sounds vary rapidly and differ from one instant to another
Yet they are still perceived as speech sounds and differ via the components of the final sound.
