Lobe that merges into visual cortex of occipital lobe and inferior portion of parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
separates the superior and middle gyri
superior temporal sulcus
forms dorsal boundary and covers the insular cortex
sylvian fissure
separates parahippocampal gyrus from fusiform (occipitotemporala) gyrus
Collateral sulcus
Where is Heschl’s located?
superior temporal sulcus
planum temporal is adjacent to?
Heschl’s gyrus
what side is the planum temporal larger on?
left side
planum temporal deals with?
speech
Wernicke’s area that deals with language is located where?
left side
Primary auditory projection is located where?
Heschl’s gyrus
Where do projections arise from in Primary auditory projection?
Cochlea sense receptors
final synapse before Heschl’s gyrus is on the
medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus
Damage to peripheral receptors result in
deafness on side of injury
damage to primary auditory cortex causes
partial deafness
damage to where results in impaired sound localization and problems with hearing bilaterally but mostly contralaterally.
auditory cortex
complete cortical deafness requires
bilateral damage
For the primary gustatory cortex, what are the two cortical projection areas?
Frontoparietal operculum and anterior insular cortex
gustatory cortex receives fibers from
posteroventral medial nucleus of thalamus
cortex located on anterior tip of temporal lobe
primary olfactory cortex
adjacent to primary olfactory cortex is __ and ____
entorhinal cortex and uncus
only system where fibers reach cortex without passing through thalamus
olfactory cortex
Lesions in the ________ may disrupt perceptual judgement about body orientation and movement
primary vestibular cortex
medial sounds differ from each other in what three aspects?
loudness, quality, and pitch
position of sound along a musical scale
pitch
loud versus soft
loudness
relates to timbre, violin and trumpet play same note
quality
melody is ___ temporal and rhythm is ____ temporal.
right, left
______ damage interferes with conscious recall of information
inferotemporal
person demonstrated stimulation of anterior and medial temporal produces feelings of fear
Penfield
5 categories of behavioral change:
- Decreased fear
- Psychic blindness
- Oral tendencies
- Increases exploration
- Sexual behavior
bilateral damage here yields flattened emotional expression
amygdala
stimulation here yields aggressive behaviors, anxiety, apprehension. fear, and sense of danger
amygdala
lesion here decreases aggression
amygdala
amygdala has strong connections with _____ to influence emotion activated retrieval from long-term memory.
hippocampus
gustatory, olfactory, and vestibular cortexes are all in temporal lobe in the ___________.
insular cortex
stimulation of _________ yields changes in heart rate and blood pressure.
temporal lobes
temporal lobe lesions that result in visual field defecits usually cause
upper homonymous hemianopia
what side of temporal lobe deals with propositional speech- what you said
left temporal lobe
what side of temporal lobe deals with prosody- how you said it
right temporal lobe
4 types of cortico-cortical connections (from monkey studies)
- connections from primary and secondary auditory and visual areas to the temporal pole
- parallel projections from visual and auditory association areas into polymodal regions of superior temporal gyrus
- projections from auditory and visual association areas into medial temporal regions.
- parallel projections from association areas to frontal lobes
this is located on the dorsal portion of superior temporal gyrus going into the insular region and is within the lateral or sylvan fissure
Heschl’s gyrus
information from one ear projects to
both temporal lobes
tempo and rhythm are on what side of temporal lobe?
left
melody is on what side of temporal lobe?
right
perception of nonverbal information, prosody, is on what side of temporal lobe?
right
speech sounds and verbal information is on what side?
left
In primary vestibular cortex, stimulation to the left rotates to the _______. lesion to the left rotates to the ________.
right, left
Stimulation to left insular cortex
decreases HR and BP
stimulation to right insular cortex
increases HR and BP
Lesion to left insular cortex ________HR and BP and lesion to right _______ it.
increases,decreases
____ temporal lobe important for verbal, solid evidence
left
____ temporal lobe important for visuospatial or nonverbal
right