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Onlineschool Flashcards > Temporary CYCLE TEST preparations for Physical Science > Flashcards

Temporary CYCLE TEST preparations for Physical Science Flashcards

1
Q

core electrons

A

Electrons in the energy levels below the outermost energy level.

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2
Q

covalent bond

A

Sharing of at least one pair of electrons by two non-metal atoms.

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3
Q

electron affinity

A

Electron affinity is the quantity of energy released when an electron is
added to an atom in the ground state.

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4
Q

electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of
electrons.

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5
Q

ionic bond

A

A transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction.

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6
Q

ionisation energy

A

The amount of energy required to remove one electron from an atom in
the gaseous phase.

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7
Q

isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element having the same atomic number
but different numbers of neutrons.

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8
Q

metallic bonding

A

Bonding between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalised electrons.

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9
Q

non-polar covalent

A

An equal sharing of electrons.

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10
Q

polar covalent

A

Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming.

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11
Q

valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

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12
Q

condensation

A

The process of a gas becoming a liquid.

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13
Q

deposition

A

The process of a gas becoming a solid.

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14
Q

evaporation

A

The process of a liquid becoming a gas.

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15
Q

freezing

A

The process of a liquid becoming a solid.

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16
Q

melting

A

The process of a solid becoming a liquid.

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17
Q

sublimation

A

The process of a solid becoming a gas.

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18
Q

boiling point

A

The temperature at which a liquid starts to become a gas.

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19
Q

freezing point

A

The temperature at which a liquid starts to become a solid.

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20
Q

melting point

A

The temperature at which a solid starts to become a liquid.

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21
Q

compound

A

A compound consists of particles that are made up of more than one type
of atom, and the different types of atoms are joined together chemically.

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22
Q

element

A

An element cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

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23
Q

heterogenous
mixture

A

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where we can still see the different
components of the mixture.

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24
Q

homogenous
mixture

A

A homogeneous mixture is a mixture which exists as only one phase so
that we cannot distinguish visually between the different components of
the mixture.

25
Q

mixture

A

A mixture consists of two or more pure substances that can be mixed
together in any ratio.

26
Q

pure substance

A

A pure substance consists of the same type of particles throughout.

27
Q

law of conservation
of mass

A

In a chemical reaction, the total mass of all the reactants equals the total
mass of all the products.

28
Q

law of constant
composition

A

A specific chemical compound always contains the same elements in the
same ratio.

29
Q

solute

A

The substance that is dissolved in the solution.

30
Q

solvent

A

The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution.

31
Q

solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent.

32
Q

dissociation

A

The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions.

33
Q

ionisation

A

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions.

34
Q

hydration

A

Hydration is the process in which ions are surrounded by water molecules
in a water solution.

35
Q

electrolyte

A

A substance that can conduct electricity by forming free ions when molten
or dissolved in solution.

36
Q

ammonium

A

NH4+

37
Q

carbonate

A

CO[3]2-

38
Q

bicarbonate

A

HCO3-

39
Q

dichromate

A

Cr[2]O[7]2-

40
Q

hydroxide

A

OH-

41
Q

hydronium

A

H[3]O+

42
Q

nitrate

A

NO[3]-

43
Q

nitrite

A

NO2-

44
Q

permanganate

A

MnO4-

45
Q

phosphate

A

PO[4]3-

46
Q

sulphate

A

SO[4]2-

47
Q

sulphite

A

SO[3]2-

48
Q

water

A

(water) H[2]O

49
Q

table salt

A

(sodium chloride) NaCℓ

50
Q

vinegar

A

(ethanoic acid) CH[3]COOH

51
Q

baking soda

A

(sodium bicarbonate) NaHCO[3]

52
Q

battery acid

A

(sulphuric acid) H[2]SO[4]

53
Q

swimming pool acid

A

(hydrochloric acid) HCℓ

54
Q

ammonia

A

(ammonia) NH[3]

55
Q

soda water

A

(carbonic acid) H[2]CO[3]

56
Q

caustic soda

A

(sodium hydroxide) NaOH

57
Q

marble/chalk

A

(calcium carbonate) CaCO[3]

58
Q

epsom salts

A

(magnesium sulphate) MgSO[4]

59
Q

Does nitric acid (HNO[3]) have a common name?

A

No.

Onlineschool Flashcards (8 decks)

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