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MSK > Tendon injuries > Flashcards

Tendon injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a musculotendinous junction

A

An area where the mechanical features of the muscle change into the mechanical features of the tendon

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2
Q

What cells make up tendons

A

Longitudinal arrangement of cells (tenocytes) and fibres (collagen)

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3
Q

What are collagen bundles covered by

A

endotenon

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4
Q

What are fascicles covered by

A

paratenon

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5
Q

What are tendons covered by

A

epitenon

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6
Q

Describe the blood supply of tendons

A

Enter through the vincula and a fine network of blood vessels in paratenon

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7
Q

What connects tendons to tendon sheaths

A

vincula - allow the tendon to move and still supply blood supply

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8
Q

What is the synovial lining in tendon sheaths

A

There is a synovial lining within all sheaths with fluid which allows for gliding lubrication and nutrition of the tendons

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9
Q

What are pulleys

A

Thickenings which hold tendons down to the bone

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10
Q

What are the properties of tendons

A

Flexible and very strong in tension
They need to move to survive as their water content and glycosaminoglycan concentration and strength decreases

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11
Q

What is the tendon most at risk of degeneration

A

achilles tendon

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12
Q

What happens in degeneration of the achilles tendon

A

Intrasubstance mucoid degeneration

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13
Q

How does degeneration of the achilles present

A

swollen, painful, tender but it could be asymptomatic

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14
Q

What do the tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus pass through

A

Tendon sheath at the radial aspect of the wrist

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15
Q

How does inflammation of tendons present

A

swollen, marked tenderness , hot and red

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16
Q

What tests positive in a finklestein’s test

A

Inflammation of a tendon

17
Q

What is an example of a condition which has inflammation of a tendon

A

de Quervain’s stenosing tenovaginitis

18
Q

What is enthesiopathy

A

Inflammation at the insertion to bone usually muscles or tendons - usually caused by repetitive injury

19
Q

What is an example of enthesiopathy of muscles and tendons

A

Lateral humour epicondylitis - tennis elbow

20
Q

What is an example of enthesiopathy of ligaments

A

Plantar fasciitis - inflammation of the plantar fascia of the foot

21
Q

What is an example of a traction apophysitis

A

Osgood Schlatter’s disease

22
Q

What happens in Osgood Schlatter’s disease

A

Insertion of patellar tendon into anterior tibial tuberosity - pain at the tibial tubercle where the patellar tendon inserts onto the tibia - causes swelling at the apophysis

23
Q

Who is Osgood Schlatter’s disease most commonly found in

A

Adolescent active boys - not seen in adults once their growth plates have fused

24
Q

What is the treatment for osgood schlatters disease

A

rest

25
Q

What is Avulsion

A

Pulling off of tendons off bone fragments

26
Q

What is the most common example of avulsion

A

Mallet finger - extensor tendon that inserts into dorsum of base of distal phalanx of finger

27
Q

What happens in mallet finger

A

The load exceeds the failure strength while the muscle is contracting - forced flexion in an extended finger is a common cause

28
Q

What is the treatment of avulsion

A

Depends on the type of avulsion and where

Conservative: mainly used on fingers because retraction of tendon makes this ineffective - Stack splints which hold finger in extension which lets tendon stick back down onto the phalynx

Operative:
- reattach tendon through bone
- Fix the bone fragment that came off

29
Q

What is a intrasubstance rupture

A

Load exceeds failure strength which causes tendon rupture

30
Q

What is the most common tendon location for intrasubstance rupture

A

Achilles tendon
Intrasubstance rupture - tear

31
Q

What sports does intrasubstance rupture of achilles (tear) occur in

A

sports with sprint starts such as sprinting, tennis and squash

32
Q

What is the test used to test for achilles tendon rupture

A

Positive simmond’s (squeeze) test

33
Q

What is the positive simmond’s squeeze test

A

If someone squeezes the calf muscle, the foot will plantar flex - if the achilles is damaged this will not occur

34
Q

What is the treatment for a ruptured tendon

A

Conservative - mobilise or use a splint/cast

Operative - if high risk of rerupture

35
Q

When is operative treatment done

A

High risk of rerupture or if the individual does high activity

36
Q

What is the most common cause of laceration of tendons

A

accidental cutting of self

37
Q

What is the most common treatment for lacerations

A

Immediate repair of the tendons

MSK (36 decks)

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