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Arson > TenOne Manual > Flashcards

TenOne Manual Flashcards

1
Q

9 classes of hazardous substances

A

1: explosive (fire and explosion hazard) e.g. ammunition
2: gases (flammable and toxic) e.g. lighters
3: flammable liquids e.g. acetone
4: flammable solids e.g. matches
5: oxidising substances e.g. bleach
6: toxic and infectious e.g. cyanide
7: radioactive e.g. uranium
8: corrosive e.g. batteries
9: misc

Corrosive most dangerous to Police. Use chemically resistant gloves and eye protection.

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2
Q

Accelerants and Volatile Substances

A

Accelerant: used to facilitate the spread of a fierce and fast blaze. Means fire is arson.

Factors: time delay, amount and type.

Most common: petrol, kerosene, turpentine, ethanol, acetone, methylated spirits, diesel.

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3
Q

IED (Improvised Explosive Device)

A

Designed to kill, destroy, disfigure, distract, harass.

Commercial, military or harmless every day substances that are dangerous once combined.

Main charge: explosive content e.g. C4
Initiator: detonator
Firing switch: “arms” the device 
Power source: e.g. batteries, car 
Packaging: e.g. pipe, car, suitcase, letter
OPT Safe to arm switch 
OPT booster

100m minimum safe distance

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4
Q

Offences

A

SOF:
- Publishing doc / thing explaining how to manufacture explosives

Arms:

  • Carrying/possessing explosive without lawful, proper and sufficient purpose.
  • Unlawfully carrying/possessing explosives in a public place.
  • Using/attempting to use ammunition/explosive to resist or prevent arrest or commit offence.
  • Carrying explosive with criminal intent.

HSNO:
- Manufacture a hazardous substance.

Postal Services:
- Posting a dangerous enclosure.

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5
Q

Powers

A

S&S:
- s18 RGTS carrying/possessing explosives > stop, search, enter, seize..

HSNO:
- RGTB state of emergency > declare.

PS:
- RGTS postal article contains objectionable, indecent, dangerous enclosure > detain, examine, open..

Aviation:
- search passengers/baggage if threat to aviation security.

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6
Q

Agency Response

A

POLICE SSG:

  • Defensive searches of premises prior to VIP.
  • Respond to bomb threat, suspicious packages, military ordnances, chemical/biohazard/radiological/nuclear/explosive hazards
  • Specialist search eg booby traps

Explosive Detector Dog:
- AVSEC, NZDF, SSG

NZDF:
- Render IED safe

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7
Q

s42 FENZ Act 2017 (6)

A

Power of authorised person in relation to land, building, structure.

(1) authorised person may exercise these powers, for a purpose of doing what’s necessary in order to fulfill duties/functions.

(2) authorised person may:
(a) ENTER any land, building, structure
(b) BREAK INTO any building, structure that is on fire/endangered.
(c) TAKE any equipment/machine into any building, fire that is on fire/endangered.
(d) REMOVE any flammable, combustible, explosive from any building, structure that is on fire/endangered.
(e) PULL DOWN / SHORE UP in your building, structure that is on fire/endangered.
(f) PULL DOWN / SHORE UP in the building, structure if they deem it to be dangerous to life/property.

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8
Q

s44 FENZ act 2017 (7)

A

Other powers of authorised person:

(1) authorised person may:
(a) SHUT off water
(b) CLOSE roads and train tracks
(c) REMOVE any impeding vehicle (using force)
(d) REMOVE any person (using force):
(i) interfering
(ii) in danger/ causing danger
(e) SHUT off gas and electricity
(f) REQUIRE owner/occupier to provide any necessary information.
(g) do all other things reasonably necessary to preserve life, prevent or limit injury, damage to property, land or the environment.

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9
Q

Fire Investigation Protocol MOU

A

MOU: ambulance, fire, Police.
Purpose: investigations efficiently coordinated and expertly and independently conducted.

Fire Service will notify Police:

  • Fire results in death or serious injury
  • Fire considered suspicious

FILO: to achieve MOU objectives. Each district.
Responsibilities:
- Attend every fire that results in death or serious injury
- Maintain effective working relationships with Fire Service.
- Coordinating fire investigations and coordinate scene examination .
- Providing expertise.

SFI - Specialist Fire Investigator. Responsibilities:

  • Attend Fire with fatalities or serious injury.
  • Suspicious structure fires.
  • Significant fire spread.
  • Buildings with built in fire safety features that failed.

FSILO:

  • Arranging a SFI to attend scenes when requested by Police
  • Maintain relationships between FILO and FSILO.
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10
Q

Fire investigation protocol Handover

A

Fire Service control, notification, handover (6 steps)

  1. Fire service authority 🔥
  2. Suspicious? Notify Police
  3. Fire + Police talk- handover
  4. Fire service hands over once safe
  5. Multi-agency response. Consult > make a plan
  6. Investigation plan

SFI + FILO = handover, access, process for exam, identification and collection of evidence.

SFI: conducts their own independent investigation into the origin and cause.

Police: conducts a criminal investigation or coronial enquiry, protection, collection, recording and analysis of evidence.

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11
Q

Fire scene safety

A

Unstable, can be safe then deteriorate Quickly.

Injuries through hazards: inhalation of toxic substances, ingestion of particles, cuts wounds, air borne dust, falling debris, tripping, cavities.

Wear PPE: helmet, overalls, respirator, gloves, safety glasses, heavy duty footwear.

  1. TIMBER: burn, char, can maintain integrity if thick enough.
  2. STEEL: initially expand due to heat, then lose strength and collapse
  3. CONCRETE: most unpredictable, can break away at surface then crumble.
  4. MASONRY: cracking, leaning, bowing, collapsing.
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12
Q

Common methods of setting fires (6)

A

Ignition of readily available combustible material eg rubbish.

  1. CANDLES: near a combustible material eg wood.
  2. CHEMICAL IGNITERS: specially made by combining substances.
  3. ELECTRICAL APPARATUS: appliances left on
  4. ELECTRIC MATCHES: commercial igniters
  5. MATCHES, CIGARETTES: cigarette left to burn into a box of matches with combustible material nearby eg wool
  6. MOLOTOV COCKTAILS:
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13
Q

Non-intentional causes of fire (3)

A
  1. CARELESSNESS: misusing electricity, children, vagrants, industrial work, appliances, ashes, fireworks, using or storing flammable liquids, burning rubbish, campfires, smoking.
  2. FAULTS: chimneys, heating systems, appliances, ventilation systems, electrical wiring, machinery over heating, gas pipes, broken power lines
  3. NATURE: chemical reactions, sun rays, lightning, static electricity, spontaneous combustion.
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14
Q

Aspects of fire scene examination (general) 8 step procedure on arrival

A
  1. BRIEFLY INTERVIEW INFORMANT (could be offender)
  2. SECURE AND CONTROL SCENE
  3. INITIAL INTERVIEW: SFI, O/C first truck to arrive.

4. INTERVIEW INCIDENT CONTROLLER: time, date, manner reported, state, action taken, things moved or touched, if suspicious, their opinions on informant, people/vehicles in the nearby vicinity.

  1. INITIAL CONFERENCE: SFI + Police
  2. IF SUSPICIOUS: regroup + briefing conference
  3. PLAN OF ACTION: guard and control scene, identify and interview witnesses, local enquiries.
  4. SITREP: request FILO, photographer, fingerprints etc
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15
Q

Who to interview? (9)

A
  • person who found fire, raise the alarm, informant
  • firefighters
  • occupants, their visitors
  • employees, including cleaners and casual staff
  • owners
  • neighbours
  • spectators, passerby
  • Vendors and delivery people
  • reporters and photographers
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16
Q

Preserving a fire scene

A

Guarding and controlling the scene:

  • fire service will insure the scene is secured while the fire is extinguished
  • once handed over to Police, please message insure that scene is secure, excluded, evidence is preserved, vigilant of any possible suspects in the area

Fire scene contamination:

Contamination always an issue, given the very damaging nature of fire at self in the effort required to extinguish it. Fire service will take care to minimise personnel inside, and stop fire personnel from removing debris, etc

Consider:

  • scope, how much of the area needs to be preserved?
  • cordon, identify centre and tape
  • common approach path
  • suspicious fatal fires, storage of the removed spoil, done in warm area of your scene, laid out on tarpaulin
  • personal, SFI should be present plus also FILO, ESR, photographer, fingerprints, building inspector etc
17
Q

Scene examination

A

Preparing:

  • examine systematically from the outside in, establish a clear area for material removed during search
  • progressively work through to the point of origin

External examination:
- Street, alleyway, yard, outbuildings, periphery of structure, debris scattered, damage structure

Preliminary internal examination:
- slow walk through the premises from area of less damage to that of most damage, taking note of anything missing, rifled premises, forced entry, presence of accelerant containers, unusual Ben patterns, unusual of odours, owner occupier attitude

Detailed internal examination;
Accompany the SFI while they complete a detailed examination of the scene. In this examination they will observe smoke and burn patterns, damage to concrete, walls, timber, windows, salt deposits, burn floor, skirting board
- SIFI to determine; area of origin, point of origin, seat of fire.

Cause of the fire;
In addition to “common methods of setting fires” look for;
- evidence of accelerants, intentional interference with systems or alarms, any inconsistencies, any foreign materials or objects etc

18
Q

Exhibits, 3 steps process

A
  1. Photograph in situ, label exhibits, preserve in containers
  2. Use approved arson kits, or any suitable containers unused 4 L Paint tin
  3. Take control samples, timber, ashes, debris, accelerants
19
Q

Area enquiries

A
  1. Interview people at other warehouses if other arson attempts
  2. Preliminary interview of the owner
  3. Owners demeanour
  4. Formal statements from informant witnesses and owner
  5. SITREP
20
Q

Conferences

A

Assist with:

  • assessing info
  • reconstructing
  • identifying possible suspects
  • lines of enquiry
  • scene examination
  • risk assessment

People attending:

  • O/C CIB
  • Scene of crime attendant
  • FILO (chair!)
  • O/C + investigators
  • SFI
  • Photographer
  • Fingerprints/SOCO
21
Q

General enquiries (fires not involving explosives) 12 step

A
  1. Submit to ESR early
  2. Submit offence report to be nia 
  3. Obtain written reports, photographs, plans from SFI, event chronology, fire investigation report
  4. To stimulate flows information and identification of suspects, consider media releases, lineup staff, special notices
  5. Plan enquiries, insure people interviewed: owner occupier, last person to secure a building, person who found the fire, informant
  6. Area canvas
  7. Think about possible motives e.g. profit, fraud, jealousy, crime concealment, excitement, vandalism, pyromania

8 contact insurance, obtain value, reports, previous claims

9. If there is a pattern, consider a pyromaniac or firebug, conduct special police patrols and prevention activity in the vicinity

  1. Inform FILO + intel for any suspects, patterns
  2. Meteorological for weather conditions
  3. Maintain contact with the owner occupier
22
Q

Suspect enquiries (non explosives) 12 steps

A
  1. Identify suspect by means of:
    - circumstances, fingerprints, information from witnesses, media, intel, enquiries, fire crew info
  2. Possible suspects: owner occupier, employee, criminal crime concealment, aggrieved person, pyromaniac, member of fire service, business competitor
  3. Investigate suspects thoroughly, obtain details, histories, vehicles, associates, photograph
  4. Consider surveillance

**5. Establish suspects : opportunity, motive, connection with scene and crime, character, history, behaviour***

**6. Consider search warrant: accelerants, containers, igniters, traces of debris from the scene. I be alert for signs e.g. smell of smoke on clothing, residue of fuel, burnt facial hair**

  1. Interview suspect
  2. Photo montage
  3. Corroborate suspects explanation
  4. Obtain authority from supervisor to prosecute
  5. Arista suspect and obtain fingerprints, photograph, medical examination for injuries
  6. Complete the correspondence by preparing the prosecution file
23
Q

Fires involving explosives

A

Initial action:

  1. could be secondary device
  2. do not use cell phones, radios or other transmitting devices
  3. Evacuate at least 100m
  4.  If IED is located, call Department of labour for an IED operator. If not available, consider defence force expert.
  5. SITREPS

Scene examination:

  1. Once safe, conduct scene examination, use videos and photos
  2. Continually reconstruct
  3. ESR experienced analyst 
  • Identifying the explosive as a priority.
  • Collecting relevant exhibits.
  • Linking suspect to the scene eg tool marks, workshop materials
  • Bodies, consider x ray to recover exhibits from body parts eg shrapnel
  • Avoid media speculation
  • Reconstruction as a scientific test

What to look for:

  • cratering
  • debris spread
  • shredding of materials
  • shrapnel marks
  • traces of container
  • detonator traces
  • traces of cords
24
Q

Rural fires

A

Rural Fire Officer, local council or department of conservation

Arson (13 decks)

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