Tenses and Moods Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the Present Perfect and how do you form it?
Used to say what has happened
Formula: Haber (Present) + Past Participle
Ex: He comido, Has hablado, Hemos vivido
Conjugate “They have studied”
Ellos han estudiado
What are the participle endings?
-ar –> ado
-er/-ir –> ido
Irregulars: Dicho, Heco, Visto, Escrito, Roto, Puesto, Vuelto
When do we use the subjunctive?
After expressions of doubt, emotion, desire, or uncertainty, especially with “que”
Ex: Es importante que estudies
How do you form the present subjunctive?
- Start with “yo” form
- Drop the “o”
- Add opposite endings
ar –> e, es, e, emos, en
er/ir –> a, as, a, amos, an
Conjugate “It’s important that she eats”
Es importante que ella coma
Trigger phrases for subjunctive
Quiero que, Dudo que, Es necesario que, Espero que, Me alegra que
How do you form tú affirmative commands?
Use 3rd person singular (él/ella)
Ex: ¡Habla! ¡Come! ¡Escribe!
Tú negative command formation?
- Use “yo” form
- Drop “o”
- Add opposite tú endings
ar –> es
er/ir –> as
Ex: ¡No hables! ¡No comas!
Irregular tú commands
Affirmative: ven di sal haz ten ve pon sé
Negative: no vayas, no seas, no des, no estés, no sepas
How do you form the future tense?
Add endings to the infinitive:
é, ás, á, emos, án
Ex: Hablaré, Comerás, Vivirá
Irregular Future Stems
- Tener –> Tendr-
- Poder –> Podr-
- Hacer –> Har-
- Decir –> Dir-
- Querer –> Querr-
- Saber –> Sabr-
When do we use the conditional?
To say what would happen or what someone would do under certain conditions
How do you form the conditional?
Add endings to the infinitive:
ía, ías, ía, íamos, ían
Ex: Yo hablaría, tú comerías
Same irregulars as future tense?
Yes — use same stems
(tendr-, har-, podr-, etc.)
Translate: “We have visited the museum.”
Hemos visitado el museo
What is the correct present perfect form of “escribir” in:
“Tú ________ una carta.”
has escrito
Rewrite with subjunctive:
“Es importante que ellos (estudiar).”
Es importante que ellos estudien
Do we use subjunctive in this sentence? Why or why not?
“Creo que ella tiene razón.”
No, because “creo que” expresses certainty, not doubt
Give the affirmative and negative tú command for “salir”
Affirmative: ¡Sal!
Negative: ¡No salgas!
Change to a negative command:
“¡Habla ahora!”
¡No hables ahora!
Translate: “They will travel tomorrow.”
Ellos viajarán mañana
What is the future form of “hacer” for “yo”?
haré
Translate: “I would buy that car.”
Compraría ese coche
