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Tension and Conflict Flashcards

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1
Q

Areas of tension

A

Eastern Africa
Middle East
The Indian part of Kashmir
South China Sea

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2
Q

Areas with armed conflict

A

Afghanistan
Libya
Syria

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3
Q

What is sovereignty

A

when the government of a state has a final say on everything, no one can tell the state what to do

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4
Q

What are the main consequences of recognizing a sovereign state?

A

non-interference in the internal affairs of the state recognized

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5
Q

Who has roles in tension and conflict?

A

States
United Nations
NATO
NGOs

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6
Q

When can a state intervene in tension and conflict?

A

When their is a treat to world peace,
Humanitarian crisis follow a natural disaster or armed conflict,
population threatened by crimes against humanity,
genocide or war crimes

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7
Q

Causes of conflict

A

Natural resources,
Exercise of rights and freedoms,
Identity based demands and political autonomy

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8
Q

Examples of natural resources that can start a conflict

A

drinking water, oil, gas, and minerals

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9
Q

Places with conflict of natural resources

A

Middle East and Central Africa

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10
Q

What does the government do to control natural resource conflicts?

A

Nationalization and granting of concessions

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11
Q

What is the universal Declaration of Human Rights

A

The UN document that sets out human rights and freedoms

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12
Q

Where is their tension and conflict of human rights and freedoms?

A

North African Countries, China, and Cuba

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13
Q

What are countries in conflict over rights and freedoms deprived of?

A

Right to justice and freedom of thought and expression

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14
Q

What are types of identity based demands?

A

language, religion, and territory

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15
Q

What are characteristics of populations that demand political autonomy?

A

they constitute a minority ethnic group within a sovereign territory

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16
Q

Where does political autonomy tension occur?

A

Caucasus, Tibet, Northern Ireland

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17
Q

What is the principal of the United Nations Charter in Support of demand of political autonomy?

A

right of people to self-determination

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18
Q

What is the objective of the Charter of the United Nations?

A

to establish the rights and obligations of the member states

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19
Q

What limits the United Nations to intervene in a situation?

A

Sovereignty

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20
Q

What are the main goals of the United Nations?

A

to maintain peace and international security,
to promote international cooperation,
to fight poverty,
to ensure respect for human rights

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21
Q

What is the general assembly?

A

Includes all 193 member states and it is a forum for discussing of matter covered by the charter of the United Nations

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22
Q

What is the main role of the general assembly?

A

Vote on resolutions on international issues

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23
Q

What is the security council?

A

Decision making organ for questions concerning the maintenance of peace and international security

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24
Q

How many members are their in the security council?

A

15 members, 5 of which are permanent

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25
What are the 5 permanent never states of the security council?
``` China USA United Kingdom Russia France ```
26
How can the security council intervene?
peace keeping missions, international sanctions, collective military action
27
What are the international crime tribunals responsible for?
To persecute those responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law during the war in the former Yugoslavia and the civil war of Rwanda
28
What are accusations made by the ICT?
crimes against humanity, violation of laws or war customs, | genocide
29
What is the role of the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees?
To coordinate international action to meet the needs of refugees
30
What is the main affect of armed conflict on population?
Leads to displacement of civilian population to other regions or countries, adjacent or otherwise
31
What are the roles of NGOs?
International development, Working to reduce difference in the distribution of the worlds wealth, promote greater social justice, information and protests and mobilization campaigns, informing public authorities, Fundraising, Project
32
What do volunteers do for NGOs?
Promote international development, provide financial support, raising public awareness, devoting time to developing new projects
33
What are specialists and skilled professionals used for in NGOs?
Health, construct and engineering, communication, agriculture, and management
34
What are examples of immediate and direct assistance in crisis situations that NGOs take care of?
Medical care, food, refugee camps
35
What long term development programs do NGOs take care of?
Peace building objectives
36
What are other things NGOs do?
Inform the public, raise awareness about humanitarian situations
37
What does Amnesty Internationals do?
Defends human rights around the world, free prisoners and abolishing torture, releases impartial documents on human rights violations annually
38
What does Reporters Without Borders do?
Defends freedom of the press and assisting jailed journalists, defends the rights to free access to information throughout the world
39
Where is one area with very very little freedom of the press?
China
40
What do the Red Cross and Red Crescent do?
Carries out numerous humanitarian actions and offer international assistance to populations affect by conflicts and crisis (ex: natural disasters)
41
Who was responsible for the Geneva Convention?
International Red Cross
42
What was the Geneva Convention?
Defended human rights of military prisoners (make sure their is no torture or execution). It was in 1864
43
What do Doctors Without Borders do?
Provides emergency medical assistance in the context of armed conflicts or natural disasters, while organizing public awareness of campaigns
44
When and where was Doctors Without Borders founded
In 1971, following the Biafrian War, a small group of French doctors came together to found Medecins Sans Frontierea
45
What does Oxfam International do?
Finds a solution to poverty and injustice in the world, To enable people to exercise their rights and manage their lives
46
Oxfam is the international confederation for how many countries?
94
47
What is the main objective of peace keeping missions?
to protect the civilian population, support the disarmament process, support the organization of free elections, promote human rights
48
What are the limits to the effectiveness of UN peacekeeping missions?
disagreement among members and limited financial capacity of the UN
49
What criteria must the UN follow for intervention in tension and conflict?
consent of the belligerents, and neutrality regarding the belligerents
50
What are measures implemented to reduce threats to peace and international security?
trade embargo, breaking off diplomatic relations, and use of military force
51
What are the main steps in a peace process?
Diplomatic intervention, cessation of combat, peace conference, signing of a treaty
52
What is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
53
Who is part of NATO?
Canada, France, Lithuania, Poland, Turkey, United States
54
What does NATO do?
provides mutual defense if one of the other members is attacked
55
What is the main characteristic of NATO?
it takes place in counties that are not members of the organization
56
What are some NATO missions?
International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, | Operation Active Endeavour (designed to detect and deter terrorist activity in the Mediterranean)
57
What are NATOs objectives?
help government spread its authority and to create an environment conductive to the introduction of democratic institutions
58
What are other international alliances other than NATO?
Arab league, European Union, African Union
59
What countries are part of the Arab League?
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Morocco
60
How does the Arab League reduce tension?
negotiations and mediation
61
What countries are a part of the African Union
South Africa, Kenya, Senegal
62
How does the African Union reduce tension and conflict?
mediation and sending soldiers on observation missions
63
What are some known international agreements and what did they do?
they ended conflict between Serbia as Bosnia-Herzegovina after the Dayton Agreement, They recognized the Palestinian Authority by Israel after the Oslo Accords
64
What are some conventions and treaties?
Geneva convention, treaty on the non-proliferation of Nuclear weapons , anti-personal mine ban conventions
65
Objectives of the Geneva convention?
to protect sick and wounded prisoners and the civilian population during conflicts, to define the rights and obligations of the parties to a conflict in the conduct of hostilities
66
Commitment made by the signatory countries of the treat on the non-proliferation of Nuclear weapons
countries that did not have the nuclear arms promised not to produce or acquire them, countries that did have nuclear arms promised not to transmit nuclear arms or technologies to other states for military purposes
67
Characteristics of areas of tension
Some governments have different economic, political, and social interests with causes their to be tension between the two

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