Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 9 Science > Term 1 DNA > Flashcards

Term 1 DNA Flashcards

1
Q

what is DNA

A

DNA is a genetic material in humans and other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the nucleus do?

A

controls the activity of the cell, the brain, has a membrane around it, stores DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does chromosomal DNA tell us?

A

Eye colour, characteristics passed down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are haploid and diploid cells?

A

Haploid cells have 1 set of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are Homozygous and Heterozygous allele pairs?

A

two identical alleles (RR or rr) are homozygous.
individual, different alleles (Rr) are known as heterozygous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What shape is DNA?

A

Double Helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Structure of DNA carrying genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA?

A

DNA= Adenine, Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine

RNA= Adenine, Uracil
Guanine and Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Everything but the sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Diploid cells?

A

2 sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is interphase?

A

Interphase - replicating DNA, is what a cell spend most of its time doing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does M- RNA do?

A

M-RNA copies genetic information from DNA and transports it outside of the nucleus into the ribosome, meeting with Ribosomal- RNA to start the process of protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does T-RNA do?

A

Transfer- RNA reads the RNA codons 3 at a time using anti codons and translates it into amino acids which are held together by polypeptide bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The growth and repair of body cells, creates 2 ending daughter cells that are identical to each other and the parent cells, 46 chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the parts of a chromosome?

A

Chromosomes are made from DNA and protein, centrosome, sister chromatids, telomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a phenotype and genotype?

A

phenotype= physical characteristics based on genotype.
Genotype= genetic makeup of an organism

17
Q

what is an allele

A

Variety of a gene

18
Q

when are recessive alleles expressed?

A

When there are no Dominant alleles present.

19
Q

what is prophase

A

Chromosomes are condensing/thickening

20
Q

what happens in prophase I in meiosis?

A

The chromosome’s match up with their homologous pairs and exchange their genetic information making recombinant chromosomes.

21
Q

what is meiosis?

A

The reproduction of gametes/sex chromosomes, 4 ending cells with 23 chromosomes (Reduction division), go through PMAT 2x, all cells have genetic variety.

22
Q

what does homologous mean?

A

approx. the same size, contains the same types if genes (e.g. eye color) in the same location.

23
Q

What is Metaphase?

A

M=middle, chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell, the nucleus is broken down.

24
Q

What is Anaphase?

A

A= Away, spindle fibers (outside of nucleus) pull the chromatids/chromosomes to the opposite sides of the cells.

25
Q

What is Telophase?

A

chromatids/chromosomes are on opposite sides of the cell and new nuclei start to form around them.

26
Q

What is cytokinesis and when does it occur?

A

finally separates the cytoplasm forming the 2 new daughter cells, occurs after PMAT stages.

27
Q

what is the starter cell of mitosis and meiosis called?

A

A germ cell

28
Q

What is a fertilized egg called?

A

Zygote

29
Q

What causes variety in meiosis cells?

A

Independent assortment + crossing over of chromosomes = variety

30
Q

what is a nucleotide made up of?

A

Phosphate(circle) pentose sugar(pentagon) and nitrogenous base.

31
Q

what is a histone?

A

(macarons) Histones bind to DNA, help give chromosomes their shape, DNA coils around it

32
Q

what is a chromatin?

A

Chromosomes are made from chromatin, chromatin is made from DNA and proteins

33
Q

what is nucleosome?

A

repeating subunit of chromatin packaged inside the cell’s nucleus.

34
Q

what are gametes?

A

Sex chromosomes

35
Q

what is transcription in protein synthesis?

A

when M-RNA copies the complimentary genetic information from DNA to get sent out into the ribosome (R-RNA)

36
Q

What is the ribosome made up of?

A

Ribosomal -RNA

37
Q

what is translation in protein synthesis?

A

T-RNA carries amino acids and each amino acid correlates to a different RNA base codon in 3s, complimentary anti-codon. T-RNA leaves behind its amino acid.

38
Q

what is an amino acids?

A

Building blocks of protein.

Year 9 Science (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions