Term 1 DNA

Question 1

what is DNA

Answer 1

DNA is a genetic material in humans and other organisms

Question 2

what does the nucleus do?

Answer 2

controls the activity of the cell, the brain, has a membrane around it, stores DNA

Question 3

What does chromosomal DNA tell us?

Answer 3

Eye colour, characteristics passed down

Question 4

What are haploid and diploid cells?

Answer 4

Haploid cells have 1 set of chromosomes

Question 5

What are Homozygous and Heterozygous allele pairs?

Answer 5

two identical alleles (RR or rr) are homozygous.
individual, different alleles (Rr) are known as heterozygous.

Question 6

What shape is DNA?

Answer 6

Double Helix

Question 7

What is a chromosome?

Answer 7

Structure of DNA carrying genes.

Question 8

What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA and RNA?

Answer 8

DNA= Adenine, Thymine
Guanine and Cytosine

RNA= Adenine, Uracil
Guanine and Cytosine

Question 9

What are somatic cells?

Answer 9

Everything but the sex cells

Question 10

What are Diploid cells?

Answer 10

2 sets of chromosomes

Question 11

What is interphase?

Answer 11

Interphase - replicating DNA, is what a cell spend most of its time doing

Question 12

what does M- RNA do?

Answer 12

M-RNA copies genetic information from DNA and transports it outside of the nucleus into the ribosome, meeting with Ribosomal- RNA to start the process of protein synthesis.

Question 13

what does T-RNA do?

Answer 13

Transfer- RNA reads the RNA codons 3 at a time using anti codons and translates it into amino acids which are held together by polypeptide bonds.

Question 14

What is Mitosis?

Answer 14

The growth and repair of body cells, creates 2 ending daughter cells that are identical to each other and the parent cells, 46 chromosomes.

Question 15

what are the parts of a chromosome?

Answer 15

Chromosomes are made from DNA and protein, centrosome, sister chromatids, telomere

Question 16

what is a phenotype and genotype?

Answer 16

phenotype= physical characteristics based on genotype.
Genotype= genetic makeup of an organism

Question 17

what is an allele

Answer 17

Variety of a gene

Question 18

when are recessive alleles expressed?

Answer 18

When there are no Dominant alleles present.

Question 19

what is prophase

Answer 19

Chromosomes are condensing/thickening

Question 20

what happens in prophase I in meiosis?

Answer 20

The chromosome’s match up with their homologous pairs and exchange their genetic information making recombinant chromosomes.

Question 21

what is meiosis?

Answer 21

The reproduction of gametes/sex chromosomes, 4 ending cells with 23 chromosomes (Reduction division), go through PMAT 2x, all cells have genetic variety.

Question 22

what does homologous mean?

Answer 22

approx. the same size, contains the same types if genes (e.g. eye color) in the same location.

Question 23

What is Metaphase?

Answer 23

M=middle, chromosomes form a line in the middle of the cell, the nucleus is broken down.

Question 24

What is Anaphase?

Answer 24

A= Away, spindle fibers (outside of nucleus) pull the chromatids/chromosomes to the opposite sides of the cells.

Question 25

What is Telophase?

Answer 25

chromatids/chromosomes are on opposite sides of the cell and new nuclei start to form around them.

Question 26

What is cytokinesis and when does it occur?

Answer 26

finally separates the cytoplasm forming the 2 new daughter cells, occurs after PMAT stages.

Question 27

what is the starter cell of mitosis and meiosis called?

Answer 27

A germ cell

Question 28

What is a fertilized egg called?

Answer 28

Zygote

Question 29

What causes variety in meiosis cells?

Answer 29

Independent assortment + crossing over of chromosomes = variety

Question 30

what is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 30

Phosphate(circle) pentose sugar(pentagon) and nitrogenous base.

Question 31

what is a histone?

Answer 31

(macarons) Histones bind to DNA, help give chromosomes their shape, DNA coils around it

Question 32

what is a chromatin?

Answer 32

Chromosomes are made from chromatin, chromatin is made from DNA and proteins

Question 33

what is nucleosome?

Answer 33

repeating subunit of chromatin packaged inside the cell's nucleus.

Question 34

what are gametes?

Answer 34

Sex chromosomes

Question 35

what is transcription in protein synthesis?

Answer 35

when M-RNA copies the complimentary genetic information from DNA to get sent out into the ribosome (R-RNA)

Question 36

What is the ribosome made up of?

Answer 36

Ribosomal -RNA

Question 37

what is translation in protein synthesis?

Answer 37

T-RNA carries amino acids and each amino acid correlates to a different RNA base codon in 3s, complimentary anti-codon. T-RNA leaves behind its amino acid.

Question 38

what is an amino acids?

Answer 38

Building blocks of protein.