Term 1 (science) Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis
(give definition)
A
The process by which plants make their own food.
2
Q
Photosynthesis:
Where does photosynthesis mainly take place and why
A
In leaves - because leaves cotain chlorophyll
3
Q
Photosynthesis:
What does chorophyll do
A
Makes plants green and absorbs suns energy
4
Q
Photosynthesis:
What is needed for photosynthesis to take place
A
Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight
5
Q
Photosynthesis:
Where are the substances taken in through
(substances = water, carbon dioxide, sunlight)
A
Roots
6
Q
Photosynthesis:
What is the plant’s foods called
A
Glucose
7
Q
Photosynthesis:
Glucose
-is what
A
Type of sugar that provides plants with all the energy they need
8
Q
Photosynthesis:
How do plants breath, what do they breath in
(is this the same to humans/animals)
A
They breath through cells called stomata - Take in carbon dioxide
9
Q
Photosynthesis:
What do they breath out - is this the same to humans/animals
A
Breath out oxygen for humans/animals
10
Q
Photosynthesis:
What do plants store their excess glucose as and where
A
Starch - fruit, leaves, roots, stems or seeds
11
Q
Photosynthesis:
Iodine
-is what
A
Used to test for starch. Special chemical that changes colour when in contact with starch.
12
Q
Photosynthesis:
Oxygen - coming from - going
A
Leaf - into air
13
Q
Photosynthesis:
Sunlight - coming from - going
A
Sun - into leaf (chlorophyll)
14
Q
Photosynthesis:
Sugar - coming from - going
A
Leaf - throughout plant
15
Q
Photosynthesis:
Starch - coming from - going
A
Roots, fruit, seeds - to roots to stem to leaves
16
Q
Photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide - coming from - going
A
Outside of plant - into leaf
17
Q
Nutrients in foods:
Nutrients
(definition)
A
Special substance found in foods
18
Q
Nutrients in foods:
Is needed in body - why
A
Important parts of food that keep the body healthy and provide it with energy
19
Q
Nutrients in foods:
What contains nutrients
A
Everything eaten
20
Q
Nutrients in foods:
How are foods grouped
A
According to their functions in the body and the main nutrients they supply
21
Q
Nutrients in foods:
4 main food groups
A
Carbohydrates, protein, fats & oils, vitamins & minerals
22
Q
Food groups:
Carbohydrates gives us what
A
Gives us energy for growth and movement, keeps body warm
23
Q
Food groups:
Main 2 types of carbohydrates
A
Sugar and starch
24
Q
Food groups:
How much of our food contains carbohydrates
A
80%
25
# Food groups:
Sugar - found in...
**In fruits or products such as jam/cooldrinks**
26
# Food groups:
Sugar - gives us...
Gives our bodies **quick energy** - **doesn't have important nutrients.**
27
# Food groups:
Starch - found in..
In bread, pasta & potatoes
28
# Food groups:
Starch - gives us.. & how
Releases **energy** into bodies **slowly** so it **lasts longer**
29
# Food groups:
**Most common carbohydrate in our diets**
Starch
30
# Food groups:
Protein helps with
**Helps body grow+repair itself and helps immune system fight infections**
31
# Food groups:
Protein - makes up part of...
The red blood cells
32
**... - mainly made of proteins**
**Muscles & organs**
33
# Food groups:
**Protein makes up many parts of our body such as ...**
**Bone, hair, skin, nails**
34
# Food groups:
Red blood cells
| -do what
**Carry oxygen around body. They travel from lungs delivering oxygen to all diffent parts of body**
35
# Food groups:
Immune system
| -does what
**Protects body from germs/bacteria. If you do sick it fights the infection**
36
# Food groups:
It is important to get protein from a variety of foods - why
It repair any damaged tissue and helps muscles/organs grow
37
# Food groups:
Protein must be eaten in correct proportions - why
If too much is eaten, the body will store it as fat
38
# Food groups:
Fats and oils
| -does what
Foods for **storing energy, insulation, protection**
39
# Food groups:
**Fats & oils - gives how much energy**
More than any other food type
40
# Food groups:
Body fat
| -does/is what
Forms **protective layers** inside body, keeping body **warm** - **protects organs/nerves**
41
# Food groups:
Oils
| -is what - provides what
**Liquid fats** made from **plants/fish**. Provides **important nutrients**
42
# Food groups:
Healthy oils + fats
| -are what
Made of **plants+fish**. Much **healthier** cause they **provide more nutrients**
43
# Food groups:
What are examples of healthy Oils & fats
Avo / sardines
44
# Food groups:
Unhealthy fat
| -called what
Saturated fats
45
# Food groups:
**Unhealthy fats** (&oils)
| -are/do what
Mainly from **animal products**. Raises **cholesterol** levels in the blood
46
Examples of saturated fats
Too much butter/ red meat
47
# Food groups:
Vitamins + minerals
| -foods for ...
For **building bones**, **teeth**, **mantaining immune system**, **good eyesight**
48
# Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin A
| -function
Helps **see** at **night**, helps **fight** body **infections**
49
# Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin B
| -function
Makes **energy**, **proteins** + **red blood cells**
| (and many other functions)
50
# Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin C
| -function
Helps **fight infections**
51
# Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin D
| -function
Helps make **stong bones**
52
# Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitamin E
| -function
**Protects** the **skin**
53
# Food groups: (important vitamins)
Vitatmin K
| -function
Helps **stop bleeding**
54
# Food groups: (important minerals)
Culcium
| -function
Makes **teeth**/**bones** **strong**
55
# Food groups: (important minerals)
Iron
| -function
Helps **make red blood cells**
56
# Food groups: (important minerals)
Zinc
| -function
Helps you **grow**
57
# Food groups: (essential minerals)
Sodium
| -is/does what
Makes sure the **amount of blood** + **blood pressure stays the same**, makes sure that **every part of body has enough water**
58
# Food groups: (essential minerals)
Sodium - keeps what working
Keeps **muscles** + **nerves** working properly
59
# Food groups: (essential minerals)
Sodium rich foods:
Bacon, anchovies, beetroot
60
# Food groups: (essential minerals)
**Potassium - responsible for**
Taking **care of cells**, makes sure **correct** amount of **water** + **minerals** **go into each cell**
61
# Food groups: (essential minerals)
How does potassium help our muscles
Helps make muscles **contract** so we can move our bodies
62
# Food groups: (essential minerals)
Potassium rich foods:
Bananas, avo, guava
63
# Balanced diets:
Diet
| -definition
**Selection of different foods** that a person/animal **eats** everyday.
64
# Balanced diets:
In order to have a healthy diet it is important to eat ...
| -carrry on sentence
The **right amount of food** from **each food group**
65
# Balanced diets:
Grains
| (how many servings per day)
**6-10** servings /day
| (/day = **per** day)
66
# Balanced diets:
Dairy
| (how many servings per day)
**2** servings per day
67
# Balanced diets:
Fats & oils
| (how many servings per day)
**15-20g** per day
68
# Balanced diets:
Proteins
| (how many servings per day)
**2** servings per day
69
# Balanced diets:
Vegtables & fruit
| (how many servings per day)
**5-6** servings /day
| (/day = **per** day)
70
# How fibre benefits the body:
**How does fibre benefits the body**
**Constipation**, **diabetes**, **heart problems**
71
# How fibre benefits the body:
Constipation
| (how fibre helps it)
**Keeps water in digestive system** so **food** can **pass through easily**
72
# How fibre benefits the body:
Diabetes
| (how fibre helps it)
**Slows down** how quickly **sugar** is **absorbed into body**
73
# How fibre benefits the body:
Heart problems
| (how fibre helps it)
Helps to **lower blood pressure** & **cholesterol**
74
# Diseases: Rickets
Rickets - affects what
Affects **kid's bones**, causes them to become **soft**
75
# Diseases: Rickets
What is wrong with bones becoming soft
They **don't work properly**
76
# Diseases: Rickets
Cause
| -of rickets
**Lack** of **vitamin D**
77
# Diseases: Rickets
Prevention
| -of rickets (give example of food as well)
**Eat** more foods **containing** **vitamin D** e.g eggs/fish
78
# Diseases: Rickets
How do pores look if you have rickets
**Big pores far away**
| (supposed to have dots close together)
79
# Diseases: Obesity
Obesity
| -is what
When a person is **severly over weight**
80
# Diseases: Obesity
Cause
| -of obesity
**Lack** of **exercise** + **unhealthy diet**
81
# Diseases: Obesity
Prevention
| -of obesity
Eat **healthy diet** +**exercise regulary**/daily
82
# Diseases: Tooth decay
Tooth decay
| -is what
Disease occurring in **teeth**. Causes **holes** in the teeth.
83
# Diseases: Tooth decay
**What are the holes in teeth called and what could happen if not treated**
**Cavities**, if not treated, could cause an **infection in mouth**
84
# Diseases: Tooth decay
Cause
Eating **too much sugar in diet**, **not cleaning teeth regulary**
85
# Diseases: Tooth decay
Prevention
Eat **healthy** + **clean teeth daily**
86
# Diseases: Constipation
Constipation
| -is what
**Unable** to **go** to **toilet** as **often as you should** to **clear out** your **digestive system**
87
# Diseases: Constipation
Cause
Diet contains **little fibre**
88
# Diseases: Constipation
Prevention
| (give examples of food as well)
Diet **high in fibre**, e.g. **fruit**/**grains**/**veg**.
89
# Diseases: Diabetes
Occurs when ...
| -complete sentence
When body is **no longer able** to **keep** the **sugar levels in the blood under contol**
90
# Disease: Diabetes
More than 1 type?
| Yes/no - if yes say how many
Yes, **2 types**
91
# Disease: Diabetes
What happens to body once you have diabetes
Body either becomes **resitant** to or **doesn't produce insulin**
92
# Disease: Diabetes
Insulin
| -is what
Responsible for **taking the glucose in** the **blood** + **using** it **for energy**
93
# Disease: Diabetes
Cause (type 1)
**Genetics**/inherited or **virus**
94
# Disease: Diabetes
Cause (type 2)
**Unhealthy diet** or **lack of exercise** could **trigger** body into becoming **resistant to insulin** /**no longer produces enough of it**
95
# Disease: Diabetes
Prevention (type 2)
**Healthy diet** / **exercise**
- if that doesn't help - **insulin is required**
96
# Disease: Diabetes
Prevention (type 1)
Have to **take insulin injections**/**tablets**
97
# Disease: Malnutrition
Occurs when ...
| -complete sentence
When body has **not enough nutrients**
98
# Disease: Malnutrition
How will someone look with Malnutrition
Very **skinny** with **bloated stomach**
99
# Disease: Malnutrition
Severe type
| -called what
**Kwashiorkor**
100
# Disease: Malnutrition
Cause
**Unhealthy diet** with **not enough nutrients**
101
# Disease: Malnutrition
Prevention
**Healthy diet** with **plenty nutrients**
102
Ecosystem
Defined as the relation between the biotic and abiotic components
| ( of the enviroment )
103
Habitat
Defined as the natural enviroment in which a certain animals live.
104
Abiotic
| ( e.g )
NON-LIVING - soil, wind, air, sunlight, water & temperature
| (etc.)
105
Biotic
| ( e.g )
LIVING - bacteria, plants, animals & humans
| (etc.)
106
Types of ecosystems
Tundra, mountain, forest, savanna, desert, ocean, rocky shore, wetland, river & pond
107
# Ecosystems:
Grassland - amount of light
Plenty of sunlight
108
# Ecosystems:
Grassland - amount of water
Enough to grow grass and shrubs
109
# Ecosystems:
Grassland - temperature
* Hot in summer
* Cold in winter
110
# Ecosystems:
Grassland - animals
Zebras, giraffes, lions, hyenas ... etc.
111
# Ecosystems:
Grassland - plants
Grasses and small bushes and shrubs
112
# Ecosystems:
Grassland - threats
Poaching, fires, clearing for houses
113
# Ecosystems:
Grassland - description
Large, open, grassy spaces
114
# Ecosystems:
Forest - description
Shady and cool
Lush and green
115
# Ecosystems:
forest - amount of light
Shady with little bright sunlight
116
# Ecosystems:
Forest - amount of water
Plenty of water, can be damp
117
# Ecosystems:
Forest - temperature
Cool and shady
118
# Ecosystems:
Forest - animals
Buck, mice, snakes, wildcats ... etc.
119
# Ecosystems:
Forest - plants
Trees, ferns, mosses and small plants
120
# Ecosystems:
Forest - threats
Chopping down trees (land)
121
# Ecosystems:
River - description
Water that flows from land to sea
122
# Ecosystems:
River - amount of light
Bright sunlight with often shady banks
123
# Ecosystems:
River - amount of water
Large fresh water system
124
# Ecosystems:
River - temperature
Warm / cold
( location )
125
# Ecosystems:
River - animals
Fish, frogs, birds ... etc.
126
# Ecosystems:
River - plants
Trees, reeds, pondweeds ... etc.
127
# Ecosystems:
River - threats
Pollution and droughts
128
# Ecosystems:
Pond - description
An area filled with water
129
# Ecosystems:
Pond - amount of light
Plenty of sunlight, often shady edges
130
# Ecosystems:
Pond - amount of water
Small fresh water system
131
# Ecosystems:
Pond - temperature
Changes with the seasons (cool)
132
# Ecosystems:
Pond - animals
Fish, frogs, birds ... etc.
133
# Ecosystems:
Pond - plants
Water lilies, reeds, bulrushes ... etc.
134
# Ecosystems:
Pond - threats
Pollution and droughts
135
Bioaccumulation
The build up of toxic materials in a food chain.
136
Biodiversity
The range in a given area
137
Carnivore
Meat-eating organism
138
Chlorophyll
The green pigment found in chloroplasts which aids photosynthesis
139
Chemosynbthesis
Using chemical reactions to make glucose without the presence of light.
140
Community
All of the different organisms in an ecosystem
141
Consumer
Animals that eat plants or other animals in order to survive.
142
Ecosystem
A community of animals and plants and where they live.
143
Food chain
A diagram of organisms illustrating the flow of energy
144
Food web
Lots of food chians linked together
145
Guard cells
These are found on the underside of leaves and control the opening & closing of stamata
146
Habitats
The areas where an organisms live, for example, pond / hedgerow
147
Herbivore
Plant-eating organisms
148
Interdependence
Organisms depending on each other in order to survive
149
Nitrates
These are required by plants for healthy growth.
150
Omnivore
Meat and plant eating organism
151
Palisade cells
Found on the top side of leaves, contain a lot of chloroplasts and aid photosynthesis
152
Phosphates
Required by plants to remain healthy. A lack of phosphate leads to poor root growth and discoloured leaves
153
Photosynthesis
Process where* plants use carbon dioxide and water to make their own food
| *by which
154
Population
All the animals of one type of species that live in a given area
155
Predators
Animals that hunt and kill for food
156
Prey
Animals that are killed and eaten by others
157
Stomata
Found on the underside of leaves, allow carbon dioxide into the leaf
158
Toxic
Poisonous
159
Producer (autotroph)
Plants that are able to produce their own food
160
Consumer
An animal that eats either the plant or another animal in the food chain
161
Decomposer
Organisms that break down dead plant and animal matter
162
Herbivore
Animal that only eats plants.
163
Omnivore
Animals that eat both plants and other animals
164
Carnivore
Animals that only eat other animals
165
Scavenger
Animals that search for and feed on other dead animals.
166
Insectivore
Animals that only eat insects.
167
Primary consumer
The first consumer in food chain that eats the producer.
168
Secondary consumer
The second consumer in the food chain that eats the primary consumer.
169
Tertiary consumer
The third consumer in the food chain that eats the secondary consumer.
170
Apex consumer
The top animal in the food chain with no predator above them.
171
Predator
An animal that hunts and eats other animal.
172
Prey
An animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal.
173
How are plants/animals related in an ecosystem.
| ( + what is it called )
By thier **feeding** relationships
Called a **food web**
174
Food web
Made up of a number of linked food chains
175
Food chains
Shows the simple transfer/flow of energy.
176
A food web shows what
The different organisms that animals feed on.
177
Food chains show what
Only one organism that each animal in the food chain feeds on.
178
What is the difference between the states of matter
How the particles move
179
Solids
Have a definite shape and a definite volume
| (all particles are close together)
180
Liquids
Indefinite shape and volume
| (particles are not close together)
181
Gases
Have a indefinite shape and volume
| (particles are far apart + move freely)
