Term 1 Science Human Bio Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the main parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, medulla (brain stem), and pituitary gland.
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.
What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
The PNS includes all the nerves outside the CNS.
What are efferent pathways?
Efferent pathways carry signals away from the CNS to effectors.
What are afferent pathways?
Afferent pathways carry signals toward the CNS from sensory receptors.
What are the actions of the sympathetic division of the PNS?
The sympathetic division prepares the body for ‘fight or flight’ responses.
What are the actions of the parasympathetic division of the PNS?
The parasympathetic division promotes ‘rest and digest’ functions.
What are the main parts of a neuron?
Cell body, dendrite, axon, synaptic knob, and myelin sheath.
What is the direction of impulse travel in a neuron?
Impulses travel from dendrites to the cell body, then along the axon.
What is a sensory neuron?
A sensory neuron transmits sensory information to the CNS.
What is a motor neuron?
A motor neuron carries signals from the CNS to muscles or glands.
What is an inter (relay) neuron?
An inter neuron connects sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.
What happens at a synapse?
Neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals between neurons.
What are mechanoreceptors?
Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical pressure or distortion.
What are chemoreceptors?
Chemoreceptors detect chemical stimuli.
What are thermoreceptors?
Thermoreceptors sense temperature changes.
What are photoreceptors?
Photoreceptors respond to light.
What are the components of a reflex arc?
Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector.
What is the purpose of reflex actions?
Reflex actions provide immediate responses to stimuli to protect the body.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system regulates bodily functions through hormones.
What is the role of a hormone?
Hormones act as chemical messengers affecting target cells.
