Term 1 Test

Question 1

How many types of shipping cycles are there and what are they called?

Answer 1

3
Seasonal cycles
Short cycles
Long cycles

Question 2

What container port is the busiest in the world (2020)?

Answer 2

Shanghai, China

Question 3

Which port is the busiest container port in Europe?

Answer 3

Rotterdam, Netherlands

Question 4

What are the 4 shipping markets?

Answer 4

The freight market
The newbuilding market
The demolition market
The sale and purchase market

Question 5

What does PESTLE stand for?

Answer 5

Political, economic, social, technology, legaland environment

Question 6

What is bareboat chartering?

Answer 6

In bareboat chartering the ship is chartered without crew or provisions, the charterer is responsible for all such matters. (Appointed and directed by charter)

Question 7

What is time charter?

Answer 7

A time bound arrangement, the charter is free to sail to any port and transport any cargo within the fixed period of time (appointed by the owner, dircted by the charter for cargo)

Question 8

What is voyage charter?

Answer 8

The hiring of a crew and vessel for a voyage between a load port and a discharge port. (Appointed and directed by the owner)

Question 9

What is a contract of affreightment?

Answer 9

An agreement between shipowner and charterer for the carriage of a certain amount and type of goods between agreed ports over a given period of time.

A contract of affreightment is not limited to s particular ship, but instead operates as a series of voyage charters (therefore, freight is payable on the quantity of cargo transported)

Question 10

What are dry ports?

Answer 10

They are directly connected to seaports by rail, where customers can leave/pick up their units as if directly to a seaport

Question 11

What are the benefits of dry ports?

Answer 11

They can improve the movement of imports and exports, moving the time-consuming sorting and processing of containers inland, away from congested seaports.

Question 12

What forms of transport release least and most emission?

Answer 12

Least - very large container vessel

Most - air freight

Question 13

What does the NSR stand for in shipping?

Answer 13

Northern Sea Route

Question 14

What does SCR stand for in shipping?

Answer 14

Suez Canal Route

Question 15

How many tunnels connect the UK to the mainland?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

How many percentage of UK’s cargo are handled by ports?

Answer 16

95%

Question 17

What cargo is not commonly handled by the port of Plymouth?

Answer 17

Container and coal

Question 18

How long did it take to build the Panama Canal?

Answer 18

35

Question 19

How many times has the Panama Canal been closed?

Answer 19

1 - when the US military forces launched an assault on the country to depose its leader

Question 20

How much revenue does the Panama Canal generate per year approx?

Answer 20

$3.4 billion

Question 21

Who runs the Panama Canal?

Answer 21

The Panama Canal Authority

Question 22

When did the Panama Canal open?

Answer 22

1914

Question 23

When did the Suez Canal open?

Answer 23

1869

Question 24

How long is the Suez Canal?

Answer 24

120 miles

Question 25

How long is the Panama Canal?

Answer 25

50 miles

Question 26

Annual revenue of Suez Canal approx?

Answer 26

5.5-6 billion dollars

Question 27

What is the Three Gorges Dam?

Answer 27

A 2,335 metre hydroelectric dam that spans the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, China. It has a vertical-hoisting «elevator» that can lift vessels up or down 379 feet (113 meters) to pass the dam.

Question 28

How much weight can the elevator in the Three Gorges Dam lift?

Answer 28

Cruises carrying a weight of up to 3000 tonnes

Question 29

How much time does the elevator in the Three Gorges Dam save a ship from going around?

Answer 29

From 4 hours going around, to 40 minutes

Question 30

What was the name of the large Suezmax tanker that wrecked outside Cornwall?

Answer 30

Torrey Canyon

Question 31

When did the Torrey Canyon sink?

Answer 31

18 march 1967 - 30 march 1967

Question 32

Which areas was affected by the oil spill from Torrey Canyon?

Answer 32

SW England, France and Channel Islands

Question 33

What spilled into the sea from the Torrey Canyon wreck?

Answer 33

119,000 tons of crude oil

Question 34

Name some of the methods used to clean oil spills and protect coastal environments

Answer 34

Oil booms - popular, fairly effective but must be used quickly Skimmers - machines used to scoop oil on the waters surface Sorbents - substances which can absorb oil and be easily scooped up Manual process - the use of handheld tools to clear contamonants Dispersants - used to accelerate the natural breakdown of oil Bioremediation - the use of microbes to clean up contamonated water Burning in-situ - can be effective, but not always suitable

Question 35

Name the major dry bulk cargo

Answer 35

``` Iron ore Coal Grain Bauxite Phosphate ```

Question 36

Name the minor dry bulk cargo

Answer 36

``` Steel & forest products Agribulks Sugar Fertilizers Metals & minerals ```

Question 37

Which continent imports the most coal, iron ore and grains?

Answer 37

Asia, in 2012 they had 73% of the worlds import

Question 38

How many dwt is a handysize?

Answer 38

20,000 - 40,000 dwt

Question 39

How many dwt is a handymax?

Answer 39

40,000-50,000 dwt

Question 40

How many dwt is a supramax?

Answer 40

50,000-60,000 dwt

Question 41

How many dwt is a Panamax?

Answer 41

60,000-80,000 dwt

Question 42

How many dwt is a post-panamax (babycapers)?

Answer 42

Under 125,000 dwt

Question 43

How many dwt is a capesize?

Answer 43

125,000-220,000 dwt

Question 44

How many dwt is a VLOC (very large ore carrier)?

Answer 44

More than 220,000 dwt

Question 45

Which countries are the top exporters of iron ore?

Answer 45

Australia Brazil South Africa

Question 46

Which countries are the top importers of iron ore?

Answer 46

China Japan South Korea

Question 47

Which countries are the top producers of iron ore?

Answer 47

China Australia Brazil India

Question 48

Which country is the top producers of coal?

Answer 48

China India United states Indonesia

Question 49

Which country is the top consumer of coal?

Answer 49

China

Question 50

How many major coal supply chains are in Australia?

Answer 50

6 4 in Queensland 2 in New South Wales

Question 51

When and where did crude oil trade first begin?

Answer 51

Titusville, Pennsylvania - 1859

Question 52

When was crude oil first shipped in barrels to London?

Answer 52

1861

Question 53

When did sailing ships get fitted with tanks to carry crude oil?

Answer 53

1860’s

Question 54

When was the first steamship built for Belgian owners to carry passengers to the USA and return with oil in tanks?

Answer 54

1872

Question 55

What happened in 1886?

Answer 55

First purpose-built tanker (2307 tons) launched by the German-American Petroleum company (Savings by shipping bulk amounted to 4 shillings a barrel) - £26

Question 56

By this year, half of the crude oil imported to the UK came in bulk, what year was is?

Answer 56

1889

Question 57

In 1886 the tanker fleet operating in the Atlantic was 12, in 1891 it grew to..?

Answer 57

90

Question 58

Which countries are the largest consumers of oil?

Answer 58

``` United States China India Japan Russia ```

Question 59

Which countries are the top exporters of oil

Answer 59

``` Saudi Arabia United States Russia Canada China ```

Question 60

Name some crude oil tankers in order of size

Answer 60

Aframax Suezmax VLCC ULCC

Question 61

What type of oil is does Canada produce the most of?

Answer 61

Oil sands

Question 62

What is oil sands?

Answer 62

A naturally occuring mixture of sand, clay or other minerals. It must be treated before it can be used by refineries to produce usable fuels such as gasoline and diesel.

Question 63

Which country is the largest LNG exporter?

Answer 63

Australia

Question 64

Which country is the largest LNG importer?

Answer 64

China

Question 65

In the future, which continent is expected to have the highest demand of LNG?

Answer 65

Asia

Question 66

What is the Moss Rosenberg design?

Answer 66

An LNG design that started in 1971 with spherical tanks which often have the upper half exposed

Question 67

Whatis the membrane-tank system?

Answer 67

A system that uses thin, flexible membranes supported only by the insulated hull structure

Question 68

Looking at key trends, what type of natural gas will be produced most in the future?

Answer 68

Shale gas

Question 69

Looking at the global LPG consumption, what group consumes the most?

Answer 69

Residential/commercial

Question 70

What area exports the most LPG to North East Asia?

Answer 70

North America (used to be Middle East)

Question 71

When was the China-Europe freight train service launched?

Answer 71

2011

Question 72

How many countries in Europe can be reached by the China-Europe freight train service?

Answer 72

11 (28 cities)

Question 73

In January 2017 the train travelled for 18 days over 7,400 miles from where-where?

Answer 73

Yiwu West Railway Station in Eastern China (Zhejiang Province) to Barking, London

Question 74

What is the largest container ship called?

Answer 74

Ever Ace, approx 24,000 TEUs

Question 75

How much more cargo capacity does Ever Ace have than the Antonov-225?

Answer 75

950 times

Question 76

How mamy containerships have a capacity og 20,000+ TEU?

Answer 76

Over 85

Question 77

What is Liner Service?

Answer 77

A service that operates within a schedule and has a fixed port rotation with published dates of calls at the advertised ports.

Question 78

What is Tramp Service?

Answer 78

A service that does not follow any strict schedule or routes, can unload goods at any port.

Question 79

Which vessel type had the highest percentage share of dwt in 2018

Answer 79

Dry bulk carriers

Question 80

What cargo type is the largest part of the maritime trade in 2019?

Answer 80

Containers

Question 81

Name a few of the top container lines (by TEU capacity)

Answer 81

``` Maersk Mediterranean shg co CMA CGM Group COSCO Group Hapag-Lloyd ```

Question 82

To the closest billion, how many people are in the world?

Answer 82

8 billion

Question 83

Name some of the largest countries in the world based on population

Answer 83

``` China India U.S Indonesia Brazil ```

Question 84

What country in the world has the lowest median age?

Answer 84

Nigeria (18)

Question 85

Name the continents with the highest and lowest population

Answer 85

Asia and Europe

Question 86

What is the biggest employment in ports?

Answer 86

Transport and storage

Question 87

How long does the short shipping cycle last?

Answer 87

5-10 years

Question 88

How long does the long shipping cycle last?

Answer 88

Around 60 years

Question 89

What are the stages of the shipping cycle?

Answer 89

Trough Recovery Peak Collapse

Question 90

What area experiences a lot of piracy these days?

Answer 90

The gulf of Guniea

Question 91

What are the 6 major coal ports in Australia called?

Answer 91

``` Abbot Point Haypoint Gladstone Brisbane Newcastle (largest) Kembla ```

Question 92

What types of liquid bulk cargo is in UK ports?

Answer 92

Crude oil Oil products Liquidied gas Other :)

Question 93

Which country is the largest consumer of oil per capita?

Answer 93

Saudi Arabia Other big ones are: Canada, USA, South Korea, Belgium and the Netherlands

Question 94

What are the four stages of port development?

Answer 94

Setting Expansion Specialisation Regionalisation

Question 95

Describe the cost of the crude oil supply from high-cost to low-cost

Answer 95

``` Other tight oil Oil sands Deepwater Shallow water US tight oil Large fields Onshore ```

Question 96

Which category consumes the most LPG

Answer 96

chemical and commercial/residential